ArticleDrug design, development and therapy2019
Neuroprotective potential of ketamine prevents developing brain structure impairment and alteration of neurocognitive function induced via isoflurane through the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
Article in Drug design, development and therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- PI3K-Akt signaling network crosstalk in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Propofol-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Independent of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- The ADNP-Mediated Transcriptome Response to Ketamine Impairs the Cytoskeletal Protein Axis.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Article
- Effects of ketamine on postoperative cognition: a scoping review.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Ketamine does not rescue plaque load or gap detection in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Exploring the Role of Ketamine Sedation in Critically Ill Patients: A Comprehensive Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Dissecting the Relationship Between Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Low-dose lithium adjunct to atypical antipsychotic treatment nearly improved cognitive impairment, deteriorated the gray-matter volume, and decreased the interleukin-6 level in drug-naive patients with first schizophrenia symptoms: a follow-up pilot study.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Neuroprotective potential of sevoflurane against isoflurane induced cognitive dysfunction in rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2023Article
- The Possible Application of Ketamine in the Treatment of Depression in Alzheimer's Disease.Neurology international · 2022Review
- Exploration in the Therapeutic and Multi-Target Mechanism of Ketamine on Cerebral Ischemia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.International journal of general medicine · 2022Article
- A mini-review of the effects of inhalational and intravenous anesthetics on oxidative stress in dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- NMDARs Containing NR2B Subunit Do Not Contribute to the LTP Form of Hippocampal Plasticity: In Vivo Pharmacological Evidence in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Protective Effect of GM1 Attenuates Hippocampus and Cortex Apoptosis After Ketamine Exposure in Neonatal Rat via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- A synthetic peptide rescues rat cortical neurons from anesthetic-induced cell death, perturbation of growth and synaptic assembly.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Ketamine: Neuroprotective or Neurotoxic?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Potential rules of anesthetic gases on glioma.Medical gas researchReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of the current experimental study was to scrutinize the neuroprotective effect of ketamine on the isoflurane (iso)-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats via phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) pathway. MATERIALS AND
methodsSprague-Dawley rats were used for the current experimental study. The rats were divided into six groups and rats were treated with ketamine and memantine. For the estimation of cognitive function study, we used the Morris water test. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and caspase-6; the antioxidant parameters malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and protein carbonyl; acetylcholinesterase, amyloid β, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were estimated, respectively. The protein expression of AKT, GSK-3β, p21WAF1/CIP1, and p53 was also estimated, respectively.
resultsKetamine significantly enhanced cognitive function and showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and exhibited the neuroprotective effect of ketamine against the isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. Additionally, ketamine significantly (
conclusionWe can conclude that ketamine prevented the cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane anesthesia through anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects via the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.