ArticleInternational journal of clinical pediatric dentistry
A Comparative Evaluation of the Sedative Effects of Nitrous Oxide-oxygen Inhalation and Oral Midazolam-Ketamine Combination in Children.
Article in International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- An updated evidence-informed framework for dental sedation: drugs, routes, patient selection, monitoring, and emergency preparedness.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Nitrous Oxide (NMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of nitrous oxide and midazolam for conscious sedation in pediatric dental patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Review
- A Comparison of the Anti-Anxiety Effects of Oral Ketamine and Fluvoxamine in Children with Separation Anxiety Disorder Manifesting as School Refusal.Advanced biomedical research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo compare nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation and low dose oral midazolam-ketamine combination for anxiolysis in the management of children aged between 3 to 10 years for dental treatment. MATERIALS AND
methodsA comparative clinical study with equal number of subjects in both the groups evaluating efficacy of oral ketamine-midazolam combination and nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation in children with Frankl behavior rating score 2 and ASA1.A total of 30 children were equally divided into 2 groups, oral midazolam-ketamine (MK) group which received 0.25mg/ kg midazolam with 3mg/kg ketamine in combination and the Nitrous oxide-oxygen (N) group which received nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation. The parameters evaluated were the drug/ mask acceptance, need for the use of a physical restraint. Houpt's sedation scale, faces pain score, sedation duration, time taken to achieve the maximum sedation and adverse reactions were assessed. Student t-test was used for comparison between the groups and proportions were compared using Chi-square test.
resultsThe results found no statistically significant differences between the groups in all the parameters except for the duration of sedation and the time taken to achieve maximum sedation which were higher in oral MK group than the Nitrous-oxide oxygen inhalation group.
conclusionBoth oral-midazolam and ketamine combination and nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation sedation were found to have similar clinical success among 3 to 10-year-old children in bringing about anxiolysis during dental treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Both oral ketamine-midazolam combination, nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation are equally effective for anxiolysis in children during dental treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.