ArticleNature2019
Bacterial cGAS-like enzymes synthesize diverse nucleotide signals.
Article in Nature, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 230 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
230 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 375 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of cGAS-STING pathway in liver disease: the quest continues.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- STING agonist profiling by nucleotide library defines structural determinants of cyclic dinucleotide recognition.iScience · 2026Article
- Turning a phage anti-defense weapon into an immunity trigger.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Cyclic tri-adenylate controls a CARF-TM effector in type II Panoptes anti-phage systems.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- CBASS limits bacteriophage production while maintaining cell viability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
- Purine and pyrimidine-based bacterial cyclic dinucleotides egress the phagosome and activate the innate immune sensor STING.Immunity · 2026Article
- Inhibition by ATP regulates the activity of a CBASS anti-phage nucleotide cyclase.The Biochemical journal · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Recent progress in cGAS-STING agonist design and mechanisms of cancer immune modulation.RSC chemical biology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic targeting of the cGAS-STING pathway in human disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Bacterial and human exonucleases mediate interkingdom antiviral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Crystal structure of the cytosolic Nudix-like domain of CD-NTase-associated protein 16 from Enterococcus faecalis.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2026Article
- Structural insights into type-I and type-II Lamassu antiphage systems.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Chemical inhibition of a CBASS anti-bacteriophage defense.iScience · 2026Article
- cGAS/STING sensing in dendritic cells discriminates between daptomycin sensitive and resistantiScience · 2026Article
- Protein-templated synthesis of dinucleotide repeat DNA by an antiphage reverse transcriptase.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Human interferon stimulated genes target ancient features of animal and bacterial viral replication.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Balancing of immune activation and suppression during phage infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Functional diversity of phage sponge proteins that sequester host immune signals.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
170 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have central roles in bacterial homeostasis and virulence by acting as nucleotide second messengers. Bacterial CDNs also elicit immune responses during infection when they are detected by pattern-recognition receptors in animal cells. Here we perform a systematic biochemical screen for bacterial signalling nucleotides and discover a large family of cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases (CD-NTases) that use both purine and pyrimidine nucleotides to synthesize a diverse range of CDNs. A series of crystal structures establish CD-NTases as a structurally conserved family and reveal key contacts in the enzyme active-site lid that direct purine or pyrimidine selection. CD-NTase products are not restricted to CDNs and also include an unexpected class of cyclic trinucleotide compounds. Biochemical and cellular analyses of CD-NTase signalling nucleotides demonstrate that these cyclic di- and trinucleotides activate distinct host receptors and thus may modulate the interaction of both pathogens and commensal microbiota with their animal and plant hosts.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.