ArticleScientific reports2019
Intranasal and epicutaneous administration of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists provides protection against influenza A virus-induced morbidity in mice.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- The emerging role of TLR7-mediated signaling in respiratory viral infections and autoimmune diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Review
- Development of a Mouse Model of Coccidioidomycosis Using an Inhalation Exposure System.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- TLR7 deficiency enhances inflammation in the URT but reduces LRT immunity following influenza A infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cytosolic nucleic acid sensing as driver of critical illness: mechanisms and advances in therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- TLR7 Promotes Acute Inflammatory-Driven Lung Dysfunction in Influenza-Infected Mice but Prevents Late Airway Hyperresponsiveness.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Evaluation of intranasal TLR2/6 agonist INNA-051: safety, tolerability and proof of pharmacology.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Immune Stimulation with Imiquimod to Best Face SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Prevent Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Recent Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of the Toll-like Receptor Response to Influenza Virus Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and exercise restore motor function following spinal cord injury by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Impact of host genetic polymorphisms on response to inactivated influenza vaccine in children.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- TLR7 promotes chronic airway disease in RSV-infected mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Bivalirudin exerts antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus-induced lung infections in neonatal mice.Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia) · 2022Article
- Recent Advances in the Development of Toll-like Receptor Agonist-Based Vaccine Adjuvants for Infectious Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Interferon-based agents for current and future viral respiratory infections: A scoping literature review of human studies.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- A TLR7 antagonist restricts interferon-dependent and -independent immunopathology in a mouse model of severe influenza.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- A Review of Human Coronaviruses' Receptors: The Host-Cell Targets for the Crown Bearing Viruses.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- TLRs in COVID-19: How they drive immunopathology and the rationale for modulation.Innate immunity · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes viral RNA following endocytosis of the virus and initiates a powerful immune response characterized by Type I IFN production and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Despite this immune response, the virus causes very significant pathology, which may be inflammation-dependent. In the present study, we examined the effect of intranasal delivery of the TLR7 agonist, imiquimod or its topical formulation Aldara, on the inflammation and pathogenesis caused by IAV infection. In mice, daily intranasal delivery of imiquimod prevented peak viral replication, bodyweight loss, airway and pulmonary inflammation, and lung neutrophils. Imiquimod treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory neutrophil chemotactic cytokines and prevented the increase in viral-induced lung dysfunction. Various antibody isotypes (IgG1, IgG2a, total IgG, IgE and IgM), which were increased in the BALF following influenza A virus infection, were further increased with imiquimod. While epicutaneous application of Aldara had a significant effect on body weight, it did not reduce neutrophil and eosinophil airway infiltration; indicating less effective drug delivery for this formulation. We concluded that intranasal imiquimod facilitates a more effective immune response, which can limit the pathology associated with influenza A virus infection.
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Registered trials
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