ArticleNature communications2019
Intradermal delivery of modified mRNA encoding VEGF-A in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- Direct intramyocardial injection of VEGF mRNA in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Trial
- Modular mRNA cocktail enables synergistic activation of antigen-specific T cells for cancer immunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Towards mRNA therapeutics 2.0.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- A Multifunctional Nanozyme-Based mRNA Delivery Platform Restores Neurovascular and Sudomotor Function in Diabetic Neuropathy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- mRNA Therapeutics Beyond Infectious Diseases: Expanding Therapeutic Applications and Future Perspectives.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- β-cell-targeted RNA activation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A improves islet transplantation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Two Classes of Protein Therapeutics: Why Dose-Response Architecture Defines the Boundary of mRNA Medicines.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Targeted Delivery of mRNA to the Heart via Extracellular Vesicles or Lipid Nanoparticles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles for Cell Engineering in Vivo and in Vitro: Current Applications and Future Directions.MedComm · 2026Review
- mRNA medicine for cardiovascular disease.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- RNA therapeutics: A promising therapy for future cardiology.Journal of cardiovascular and thoracic research · 2026Article
- In Vitro Cell Proliferation, Osteogenic Differentiation, and In Vivo Angiogenesis Induced by Modified mRNA Encoding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Translational Nanomedicine and Delivery Tools for Cardiovascular Disease Therapy and Diagnostics.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Engineering bone tissue with mRNA: from molecular design and delivery to clinical applications.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2025Article
- Transient overexpression of hPKM2 in porcine cardiomyocytes prevents heart failure after myocardial infarction.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Using modified mRNA for cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac genetic disease modelling and treatment.Biochemical Society transactions · 2025Review
- RNA Therapies in Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Advancing Disease Management.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2025Review
- Codelivery of NGFR100W and VEGFA mRNA Enhances Vascular and Neural Repair in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Unlock the sustained therapeutic efficacy of mRNA.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Review
- Review
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chemically modified mRNA is an efficient, biocompatible modality for therapeutic protein expression. We report a first-time-in-human study of this modality, aiming to evaluate safety and potential therapeutic effects. Men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) received intradermal injections of modified mRNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) or buffered saline placebo (ethical obligations precluded use of a non-translatable mRNA control) at randomized sites on the forearm. The only causally treatment-related adverse events were mild injection-site reactions. Skin microdialysis revealed elevated VEGF-A protein levels at mRNA-treated sites versus placebo-treated sites from about 4-24 hours post-administration. Enhancements in basal skin blood flow at 4 hours and 7 days post-administration were detected using laser Doppler fluximetry and imaging. Intradermal VEGF-A mRNA was well tolerated and led to local functional VEGF-A protein expression and transient skin blood flow enhancement in men with T2DM. VEGF-A mRNA may have therapeutic potential for regenerative angiogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.