ReviewNeurology2019
Imaging outcome measures of neuroprotection and repair in MS: A consensus statement from NAIMS.
Erratum issuedAbstract readConsensus StatementReview
In one paragraph
Review in Neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Recent Advances in Interventions Targeting Remyelination and a Systematic Review of Remyelinating Effects of Approved Disease-Modifying Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- MWF of the corpus callosum is a robust measure of remyelination: Results from the ReBUILD trial.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Trial
- Myelin water imaging in relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab and interferon beta-1a.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2022Trial
- Review
- Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Retinal Neuronal Loss as Additive Prognostic Markers of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Prospero-related homeobox protein 1 (Prox1) enhances myelin sheath regeneration in injured sciatic nerve.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Cervical Spinal Cord Magnetization Transfer Ratio and Its Relationship With Clinical Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- FAST: Fast, Free, Consistent, and Unsupervised Oligodendrocyte Segmentation and Tracking System.eNeuro · 2025Article
- Advanced MRI Measures of Myelin and Axon Volume Identify Repair in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of neurology · 2024Article
- From progression to progress: The future of multiple sclerosis.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2024Article
- A metformin add-on clinical study in multiple sclerosis to evaluate brain remyelination and neurodegeneration (MACSiMiSE-BRAIN): study protocol for a multi-center randomized placebo controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Australian Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative: Statement of Working Principles and Rapid Review of Methods to Define Data Dictionaries for Neurological Conditions.Neurotrauma reports · 2024Article
- Inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) imaging reveals variable recovery profiles of active MS lesions according to size and localization.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- The CALIPR framework for highly accelerated myelin water imaging with improved precision and sensitivity.Science advances · 2023Article
- Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging reflects different levels of histologically determined myelin densities in multiple sclerosis, including remyelination in inactive multiple sclerosis lesions.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Postmortem quantitative MRI disentangles histological lesion types in multiple sclerosis.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Improving the efficiency of clinical trials in multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Review
- Early metabolic alterations in the normal‑appearing grey and white matter of patients with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis: A proton MR spectroscopic study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Quantitative myelin imaging with MRI and PET: an overview of techniques and their validation status.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Review
- Diagnosis and treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: A position paper.European journal of neurology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
37 authors.
Jiwon OhFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA. ohjiw@smh.ca.
Daniel OntanedaFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-2838-9148
Christina AzevedoFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-8622-1845
Eric C KlawiterFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Martina AbsintaFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-0276-383X
Douglas L ArnoldFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Rohit BakshiFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0001-8601-5534
Peter A CalabresiFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-7776-6472
Ciprian CrainiceanuFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Blake DeweyFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-4554-5058
Leorah FreemanFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Susan GauthierFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-4015-1781
Roland HenryFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-8232-7562
Mathilde IngleseFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Shannon KolindFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-1362-1968
David K B LiFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-7398-7630
Caterina MaineroFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Ravi S MenonFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-7916-0263
Govind NairFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0001-8222-1234
Sridar NarayananFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-6283-150X
Flavia NelsonFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-2850-5572
Daniel PelletierFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-0741-5615
Alexander RauscherFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-1961-8252
William RooneyFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0001-5815-449X
Pascal SatiFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-9325-3570
Daniel SchwartzFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Russell T ShinoharaFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0001-8627-8203
Ian TaggeFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-5260-7117
Anthony TraboulseeFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-0351-9639
Yi WangFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Youngjin YooFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0001-8548-3475
Tarek YousryFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Yunyan ZhangFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Zivadinov RobertFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Nancy L SicotteFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-5131-3352
Daniel S ReichFrom the Division of Neurology (J.O.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.O., P.A.C., B.D., D.S.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis (D.O.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (C.A., D.P.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (E.C.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Translational Neuroradiology Unit (M.A., G.N., P.S., D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Brain Imaging Centre (D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada; Departments of Neurology (R.B.) and Radiology (R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Biostatistics (C.C.), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (L.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Department of Neurology (S.G., Y.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H.), University of California at San Francisco; Department of Neurology (M.I., A.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (S.K., D.K.B.L.), Department of Radiology (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), Department of Physics and Astronomy (S.K., A.R., A.T., Y.Y.), MS/MRI Research Group (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.T., Y.Y.), MRI Research Centre (S.K., D.K.B.L., A.R.), and Department of Pediatrics (A.R.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (C.M.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA; Department of Neurology (F.N.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.R., D.S., I.T.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (R.T.S.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Division of Neuroradiology and Neurophysics (T.Y.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; Department of Radiology (Y.Z.) and Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (Y.Z.), University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Neurology (N.L.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-2628-4334
North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative
Funding
Multimodal MRI in Multiple SclerosisZIANS003119 · NINDS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE · PI REICH, DANIEL · 2010 to 2025
$53.4MStatistical Methods for Multilevel Multivariate Functional StudiesR01NS060910 · NINDS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Ciprian M Crainiceanu · 2009 to 2026
$8.3MNINDS NIH HHS R01 NS060910
Abstract
objectiveTo summarize current and emerging imaging techniques that can be used to assess neuroprotection and repair in multiple sclerosis (MS), and to provide a consensus opinion on the potential utility of each technique in clinical trial settings.
methodsClinicians and scientists with expertise in the use of MRI in MS convened in Toronto, Canada, in November 2016 at a North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (NAIMS) Cooperative workshop meeting. The discussion was compiled into a manuscript and circulated to all NAIMS members in attendance. Edits and feedback were incorporated until all authors were in agreement.
resultsA wide spectrum of imaging techniques and analysis methods in the context of specific study designs were discussed, with a focus on the utility and limitations of applying each technique to assess neuroprotection and repair. Techniques were discussed under specific themes, and included conventional imaging, magnetization transfer ratio, diffusion tensor imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, imaging cortical lesions, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, PET, advanced diffusion imaging, sodium imaging, multimodal techniques, imaging of special regions, statistical considerations, and study design.
conclusionsImaging biomarkers of neuroprotection and repair are an unmet need in MS. There are a number of promising techniques with different strengths and limitations, and selection of a specific technique will depend on a number of factors, notably the question the trial seeks to answer. Ongoing collaborative efforts will enable further refinement and improved methods to image the effect of novel therapeutic agents that exert benefit in MS predominately through neuroprotective and reparative mechanisms.
Indexed as
Nerve RegenerationNeuroprotectionBrainDiffusion Tensor ImagingHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMultimodal ImagingMultiple SclerosisOutcome Assessment, Health CarePositron-Emission TomographySpinal Cord
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.