ArticleBiofabrication2019
A simple layer-stacking technique to generate biomolecular and mechanical gradients in photocrosslinkable hydrogels.
Article in Biofabrication, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Systematic Study of GelMA-Carbopol Bioinks for High-Fidelity Extrusion 3D Bioprinting at Physiological Temperatures.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Engineering Multilayer Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels via Off-Stoichiometry Thiol-Ene Chemistry.ACS applied polymer materials · 2026Article
- Microengineered Gradient Hydrogels for Mechanobiology.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Millimeter-Scale Dual-Opposing RNA-Gradient Hydrogel for Interfacial Gene Silencing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A novel PCL fiber membrane with a gradient structure for guided bone regeneration.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Fluorescently Labeled Gradient Hydrogels Reveal Matrix-Dependent Cell Responses to Substrate Stiffness.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Multi-material Volumetric Bioprinting and Plug-and-play Suspension Bath Biofabrication via Bioresin Molecular Weight Tuning and via Multiwavelength Alignment Optics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- GelMA synthesis and sources comparison for 3D multimaterial bioprinting.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes combined with gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel to promote fractional laser injury wound healing.International wound journal · 2023Article
- Mechanobiology of cancer cell responsiveness to chemotherapy and immunotherapy: Mechanistic insights and biomaterial platforms.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- From mesenchymal niches to engineeredMaterials today. Bio · 2022Article
- Modularized bioceramic scaffold/hydrogel membrane hierarchical architecture beneficial for periodontal tissue regeneration in dogs.Biomaterials research · 2022Article
- [Effects of methacrylic anhydride gelatin hydrogel loaded with silver and recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor on deep partial-thickness burn wounds in rabbits].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2022Article
- Review
- Visible-Light Stiffness Patterning of GelMA Hydrogels TowardsFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Gradient Hydrogels.Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology · 2021Article
- Functionally graded biomaterials for use as model systems and replacement tissues.Advanced functional materials · 2020Article
- Review
- Mechanisms of hydrogel-based microRNA delivery systems and its application strategies in targeting inflammatory diseases.Journal of tissue engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Physicochemical and biological gradients are desirable features for hydrogels to enhance their relevance to biological environments for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. Therefore, simple and efficient techniques to generate chemical, physical and biological gradients within hydrogels are highly desirable. This work demonstrates a technique to generate biomolecular and mechanical gradients in photocrosslinkable hydrogels by stacking and crosslinking prehydrogel solution in a layer by layer manner. Partial crosslinking of the hydrogel allows mixing of prehydrogel solution with the previous hydrogel layer, which makes a smooth gradient profile, rather than discrete layers. This technique enables the generation of concentration gradients of bovine serum albumin in both gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels, as well as mechanical gradients across a hydrogel containing varying gel concentrations. Fluorescence microscopy, mechanical testing, and scanning electron microscopy show that the gradient profiles can be controlled by changing both the volume and concentration of each layer as well as intensity of UV exposure. GelMA hydrogel gradients with different Young's moduli were successfully used to culture human fibroblasts. The fibroblasts migrated along the gradient axis and showed different morphologies. In general, the proposed technique provides a rapid and simple approach to design and fabricate 3D hydrogel gradients for in vitro biological studies and potentially for in vivo tissue engineering applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.