ArticlePloS one2019
Carriage and colonization of C. difficile in preterm neonates: A longitudinal prospective study.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Associations Between BioFire FilmArray Gastrointestinal Panel Results and Clinical Outcomes in Infectious Gastroenteritis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Management of Neonates in the Special Care Nursery and Its Impact on the Developing Gut Microbiota: A Comprehensive Clinical Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Clostridioides difficile concentration-dependant alterations in gut microbiota of asymptomatic infants.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- Clostridium difficile-derived membrane vesicles promote fetal growth restriction via inhibiting trophoblast motility through PPARγ/RXRα/ANGPTL4 axis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Article
- Molecular testing for gastrointestinal pathogens in intestinal tissue of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Review
- Diagnostic Guidance for C. difficile Infections.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Gut Microbiota Composition andGut microbes reports · 2024Article
- Clostridioides difficile Infection in Children: Recent Updates on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapy.Pediatrics · 2023Review
- Gut Microbiota Diversity of Preterm Neonates Is Associated WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Gut Dysbiosis andFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Characterization of Non-ToxigenicJournal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Review
- Epidemiological and microbiome associations ofGut microbesArticle
- Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPremature neonates (PN) present multiple risk factors for high frequencies and high levels of colonization by C. difficile, yet data is missing about this specific pediatric population. Here, we investigated PN C. difficile carriage and colonization dynamics, analyzed the impact of perinatal determinants on colonization, and characterized the isolates.
methodsA one year longitudinal monocentric prospective cohort study was performed on 121 PN. C. difficile strains isolated from fecal samples on selective medium were identified and characterized by PCR (tpi housekeeping gene; tcdA and tcdB, and binary toxin genes), capillary gel-based electrophoresis PCR-ribotyping, and Multi-Locus Variable-number tandem-repeat Analysis (MLVA).
resultsOf the 379 samples analyzed, 199 (52%) were C. difficile culture positive with the mean levels of C. difficile colonization decreasing significantly (P = .027) over time. During hospitalization, C. difficile colonization frequency increased up to 61% with 95% of the strains belonging to both non-toxigenic PCR-ribotypes (RTs) FR082 (35%) and 032 (60%). After hospital discharge, if a higher diversity in RTs was observed, RTs FR082 and 032 remained predominant (respectively 40% and 28%). MLVA showed clonal relationship within each FR082 and 032 RTs. Ten toxigenic strains (5%) were isolated, all tcdA+/tcdB+ except for one tcdA-/tcdB+, and all being acquired after hospitalization. At 1 week, the only factors found to be linked with a higher frequency of C. difficile colonization were a higher gestational age (P = 0.006) and a higher birth weight (P = 0.016).
conclusionThe dynamics of C. difficile colonization in PN followed a specific pattern. C. difficile colonization rapidly occurred after birth with a low diversity of non-toxigenic RTs. After hospitalization, non-toxigenic RTs diversity increased. Sporadic carriage of toxigenic strains was observed after hospitalization.
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