ArticleAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2019
Anti-chlamydia IgG and IgA are insufficient to prevent endometrial chlamydia infection in women, and increased anti-chlamydia IgG is associated with enhanced risk for incident infection.
Article in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Chlamydia trachomatis-specific T Cell Immunity Reflects Widespread Exposure in South African Adolescents and Young Women.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Anti-International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- UnveilingiScience · 2025Article
- Biologic drug development for treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Noninvasive Monitoring of Humoral Immune Responses in Men With Acute Chlamydia trachomatis Urethral Infection Using First-Catch Urine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Current Progress and Future Perspective of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection: A Rising Threat to Women Health.Current microbiology · 2025Review
- A Cyclic-di-AMP Adjuvanted CPAF Protein Vaccine Is Immunogenic in Swine, but It Fails to Reduce GenitalVaccines · 2025Article
- Post-exposure vaccine protection of CTH522/CAFNPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Diagnostic-avoiding Chlamydia trachomatis variants detected in cervical and endometrial specimens from women during 16S microbiome profiling.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- T cell signatures associated with reduced Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection in a highly exposed cohort.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Pathogenic and Protective Roles of Neutrophils inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Irradiated whole cell Chlamydia vaccine confers significant protection in a murine genital tract challenge model.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Immunity to Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections of the Female Genital Tract: Toward Effective Vaccines.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Antibodies from chlamydia-infected individuals facilitate phagocytosis via Fc receptors.Infection and immunity · 2024Article
- Immune signature of Chlamydia vaccine CTH522/CAF®01 translates from mouse-to-human and induces durable protection in mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Advances in vaccine development for Chlamydia trachomatis.Pathogens and disease · 2024Review
- Effects of prime-boost strategies on the protective efficacy and immunogenicity of a PLGA (85:15)-encapsulated Chlamydia recombinant MOMP nanovaccine.Pathogens and disease · 2024Article
- A Machine Learning-Based Analytic Pipeline Applied to Clinical and Serum IgG Immunoproteome Data To Predict Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Tract Ascension and Incident Infection in Women.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- A systems serology approach to the investigation of infection-induced antibody responses and protection in trachoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
problemChlamydia infections in women can ascend to the upper genital tract, and repeated infections are common, placing women at risk for sequelae. The protective role of anti-chlamydia antibodies to surface exposed antigens in ascending and incident infection is unclear. METHOD OF STUDY: A whole-bacterial ELISA was used to quantify chlamydia-specific IgG and IgA in serum and cervical secretions of 151 high-risk women followed longitudinally. Correlations were determined between antibody and cervical burden, and causal mediation analysis investigated the effect of antibody on ascension. We examined the relationship of antibody to incident infection using the marginal Cox model.
resultsSerum and cervical anti-chlamydia IgG and cervical IgA levels correlated inversely with cervical burden. While lower burden was associated with reduced ascension, causal mediation analysis revealed that the indirect effects of antibody mediated through reductions in bacterial burden were insufficient to prevent ascension. Analysis of women uninfected at enrollment revealed that serum and cervical anti-chlamydia IgG were associated with increased risk of incident infection; hazard ratio increased 3.6-fold (95% CI, 1.3-10.3), and 22.6-fold (95% CI, 3.1-165.2) with each unit of serum and cervical IgG, respectively.
conclusionAlthough anti-chlamydia IgG and IgA correlated with reduced cervical chlamydia burden, they failed to prevent ascension and increased levels of anti-chlamydia IgG were associated with increased risk for incident infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.