ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2019
Academic performance, externalizing disorders and depression: 26,000 adolescents followed into adulthood.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors that influence Asian American college students use of mental health services: A systematic mixed studies review.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing · 2024Pooled it
- Theories of Change and Mediators of Psychotherapy Effectiveness in Adolescents With Externalising Behaviours: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Detecting young people with mental disorders: a cluster-randomised trial of multidisciplinary health teams at the GP office.BMJ open · 2021Trial
- Screening in High Schools to Identify, Evaluate, and Lower Depression Among Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- A 10-year Longitudinal Study: The Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Mental Health Indicators, and Binge Eating Symptoms among Emerging Adults.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- The Role of Family Environments in Parent-Adolescent Discrepancies in Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Effects of Academic Performance on Depression and Subjective Well-Being Among Students in China's Elite Universities.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Parental willingness and influencing factors for school-based mental health screening in Eastern China.BMC public health · 2026Article
- School attendance matters: co-occurring trajectories of school attendance and academic achievement from elementary to secondary school in a Canadian context.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Is muscle-strengthening exercise associated with better academic performance of Literacy, Mathematics and Language? Results from a cross-sectional study.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2025Article
- Influence of deviant peer affiliation on adolescent depression in China: roles of self-deviant behavior, academic performance, and academic stress.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Parental acceptance of school-based universal depression screening for children and adolescents in primary and secondary school in China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Explaining factors influencing students' depression with a deep learning approach.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- School performance gap between non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden-time trends and contributing factors.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association between screen time and depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Psychological wellbeing and social emotional competence of Chinese children and adolescents in the post-pandemic era: patterns, determinants, and interrelations.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Online inside and out: upper secondary students' expectations of a mental health interactive program in Sweden.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Mediators that Matter: Psychological Distress, Developmental Assets, and Educational Outcomes among Black Youth.Journal of educational psychology · 2024Article
- Dissecting the polygenic contribution of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder on school performance by their relationship with educational attainment.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Changes in the association between educational achievement, attainment and subsequent mental health: A survival analysis of 21 Swedish graduation cohorts.BMC public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe incidence of major depression among adults has been shown to be socially differentiated, and there are reasons to seek explanations for this before adulthood. In this cohort study, we examined whether academic performance in adolescence predicts depression in adulthood, and the extent to which externalizing disorders explain this association.
methodsWe followed 26,766 Swedish women and men born 1967-1982 from the last year of compulsory school, at age about 16, up to 48 years of age. We investigated the association between grade point average (GPA, standardized by gender) and first diagnosis of depression in national registers of in- or out-patient psychiatric care. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for lifetime externalizing diagnoses and potential confounders including childhood socioeconomic position and IQ.
resultsDuring follow-up, 7.0% of the women and 4.4% of the men were diagnosed with depression. A GPA in the lowest quartile, compared with the highest, was associated with an increased risk in both women (hazard ratio 95% confidence interval 1.7, 1.3-2.1) and men (2.9, 2.2-3.9) in models controlling for potential confounders. Additional control for externalizing disorders attenuated the associations, particularly in women.
conclusionsThe findings suggest that poor academic performance is associated with depression in young adulthood and that the association is partly explained by externalizing disorders. Our results indicate the importance of early detection and management of externalizing disorders among children and adolescents.
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