Trial reportThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2019
Role of Human Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Learning and Recall of Enhanced Extinction.
Trial report in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04468360 (Facilitation of Extinction Retention and Reconsolidation Blockade by IV Allopregnanolone in PTSD- Pharmacokinetic Studies), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Facilitation of Extinction Retention and Reconsolidation Blockade by IV Allopregnanolone in PTSD- Pharmacokinetic Studies
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Fear conditioning and extinction in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Cerebellar Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in the Theta Band Prevents Recall of the Initial Fear Association After Extinction Training.Human brain mapping · 2026Trial
- Comparisons of extinction, counterconditioning, and novelty-facilitated extinction within ABA vs. ABC renewal designs.Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2026Article
- Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty track distinct neurobehavioral dimensions of avoidance in anxiety-related disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Old mice fail to integrate a memory update into an existing hippocampal engram.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Augmenting extinction with counterconditioning strengthens and sustains neural safety representations in PTSD.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Emotional learning selectively distorts the temporal organization of memory: A quantitative synthesis.Cognition · 2026Article
- Article
- Mechanisms and clinical potential of combined tDCS and virtual reality in psychiatric disorders: a systematic review.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Review
- Neural Reinstatement of Encoding Context Mediates the Switch between Fear and Extinction Recall.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- A systematic review of spontaneous recovery in human fear conditioning.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Impairs Fear Extinction and Network Excitability in the Infralimbic Cortex.Journal of neurotrauma · 2025Article
- Developmental Differences in a Hippocampal-Cingulate Pathway Involved in Learned Safety Following Interpersonal Trauma Exposure.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- How Fear Memory is Updated: From Reconsolidation to Extinction?Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- The impact of distal stress on the spontaneous recovery of conditioned defensive responses.Neurobiology of stress · 2025Article
- Pavlovian safety learning: An integrative theoretical review.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Review
- Contextual modulation of human associative learning following novelty-facilitated extinction, counterconditioning, and conventional extinction.Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2024Article
- Influence of Stress Severity on Contextual Fear Extinction and Avoidance in a Posttraumatic-like Mouse Model.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Latent-state and model-based learning in PTSD.Trends in neurosciences · 2024Review
- Fear extinction rescuing effects of dopamine and L-DOPA in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Standard fear extinction relies on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to form a new memory given the omission of threat. Using fMRI in humans, we investigated whether replacing threat with novel neutral outcomes (instead of just omitting threat) facilitates extinction by engaging the vmPFC more effectively than standard extinction. Computational modeling of associability (indexing surprise strength and dynamically modulating learning rates) characterized skin conductance responses and vmPFC activity during novelty-facilitated but not standard extinction. Subjects who showed faster within-session updating of associability during novelty-facilitated extinction also expressed better extinction retention the next day, as expressed through skin conductance responses. Finally, separable patterns of connectivity between the amygdala and ventral versus dorsal mPFC characterized retrieval of novelty-facilitated versus standard extinction memories, respectively. These results indicate that replacing threat with novel outcomes stimulates vmPFC involvement on extinction trials, leading to a more durable long-term extinction memory.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.