ArticleBMJ open2019
Effect of work schedule on prospective antidepressant prescriptions in Sweden: a 2-year sex-stratified analysis using national drug registry data.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shift schedules and circadian preferences: the association with sleep and mood.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Consequences of Shift Work and Night Work: A Literature Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Job burnout among workers with different shift regularity: interactive factors between sleep, depression, and work environment.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Shift work is associated with extensively disordered sleep, especially when working nights.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Comparing the acute effects of shiftwork on mothers and fathers.Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Shift work and use of psychotropic medicine: a follow-up study with register linkage.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2020Article
- Effects of procedural justice on prospective antidepressant medication prescription: a longitudinal study on Swedish workers.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Mental Health Consequences of Shift Work: An Updated Review.Current psychiatry reports · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDepression-related mood disorders affect millions of people worldwide and contribute to substantial morbidity and disability, yet little is known about the effects of work scheduling on depression. This study used a large Swedish survey to prospectively examine the effects of work schedule on registry-based antidepressant prescriptions in females and males over a 2-year period.
methodsThe study was based on an approximately representative sample (n=3980 males, 4663 females) of gainfully employed participants in the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health. Sex-stratified analyses were conducted using logistic regression. For exposure, eight categories described work schedule in 2008: 'regular days' (three categories of night work history: none, ≤3 years, 4+ years), 'night shift work', 'regular shift work (no nights)', 'rostered work (no nights)', 'flexible/non-regulated hours' and 'other'. For the primary outcome measure, all prescriptions coded N06A according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical System were obtained from the Swedish National Prescribed Drug Register and dichotomised into 'any' or 'no' prescriptions between 2008 and 2010. Estimates were adjusted for potential sociodemographic, health and work confounders, and for prior depressive symptoms.
resultsIn 2008, 22% of females versus 19% of males worked outside of regular daytime schedule. Registered antidepressant prescription rates in the postsurvey period were 11.4% for females versus 5.8% for males. In fully adjusted models, females in 'flexible/non-regulated' schedules showed an increased OR for prospective antidepressant prescriptions (OR=2.01, 95% CI=1.08 to 3.76). In males, odds ratios were most increased in those working 'other' schedules (OR=1.72, 95% CI=0.75 to 3.94) and 'Regular days with four or more years' history of night work' (OR=1.54, 95% CI=0.93 to 2.56).
conclusionsThis study's findings support a relationship between work schedule and prospective antidepressant prescriptions in the Swedish workforce. Future research should continue to assess sex-stratified relationships, using detailed shift work exposure categories and objective registry data where possible.
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