SynthesisBMJ open2019
Combining modifiable risk factors and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05375513 (A Home-based Personalized Multidomain RCT from the Canadian Therapeutic Platform for Multidomain Interventions to Prevent Dementia), which is not on this map. Cited by 145 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Home-based Personalized Multidomain RCT from the Canadian Therapeutic Platform for Multidomain Interventions to Prevent Dementia (CAN-THUMBS UP)
Who cites it
145 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of eHealth Interventions Targeting Employee Health Behaviors: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- The influence of socioeconomic status on the association between unhealthy lifestyle factors and adverse health outcomes: a systematic review.Wellcome open research · 2023Pooled it
- Spousal caregiving, widowhood, and cognition: A systematic review and a biopsychosocial framework for understanding the relationship between interpersonal losses and dementia risk in older adulthood.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of Shift Work and Long Working Hours on Worker Cognitive Functions: Current Evidence and Future Research Needs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effects of the MONOZUKURI Program on Executive Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain and behavior · 2025Trial
- Targeting brain health in subjective cognitive decline: insights from a multidomain randomized controlled trial.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Trial
- Dementia incidence across countries: a sex-specific ecological analysis of cancer incidence.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Periodontal disease and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Evidence-based dentistry · 2026Article
- Lifetime Patterns of Earned Income Tax Credit Eligibility and Cognition: A Sequence Analysis Approach.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Associations between cataract and cognitive impairment in a sample of the United States Population.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia in Older Patients Receiving Primary Care: A Retrospective Observational Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- An acute concurrent exercise bout better preserves cerebrovascular reactivity to hypocapnia than either resistance or aerobic exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Serum sodium, tonicity, and risk of dementia in cohort and healthcare populations.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Association of micronutrient levels with dementia risk in adults in Telangana, India: a cross-sectional study (2023-2024).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Associations of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology with modifiable risk factors and cognitive and functional outcomes: evidence from cross-sectional prediction and latent path analyses in the Bio-Hermes-001 cohort.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Long-Term Association of Cardiovascular Risk Burden With Dementia Risk: The Role of Life-Course Confounders in an Analysis of Cumulative and Specific Factors.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Differences in the prevalence and patterns of dementia risk factors across 14 countries and regions: a harmonised cross-national analysis.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2026Article
- Co-designing an Outpatient Clinical Decision Support Prototype for Managing Social Risks in Patients Living with Dementia.Applied clinical informatics · 2026Article
- Feasibility of identifying factors related to Alzheimer's disease and related dementia in real-world data.JAMIA open · 2026Review
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo systematically review the literature relating to the impact of multiple co-occurring modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia.
designA systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature relating to the impact of co-occurring key risk factors for incident cognitive decline and dementia. All abstracts and full text were screened independently by two reviewers and each article assessed for bias using a standard checklist. A fixed effects meta-analysis was undertaken. DATA SOURCES: Databases Medline, Embase and PsycINFO were searched from 1999 to 2017. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: For inclusion articles were required to report longitudinal data from participants free of cognitive decline at baseline, with formal assessment of cognitive function or dementia during follow-up, and an aim to examine the impact of additive or clustered comorbid risk factor burden in with two or more core modifiable risk factors.
resultsSeventy-nine full-text articles were examined. Twenty-two articles (18 studies) were included reporting data on >40 000 participants. Included studies consistently reported an increased risk associated with greater numbers of intraindividual risk factors or unhealthy behaviours and the opposite for healthy or protective behaviours. A meta-analysis of studies with dementia outcomes resulted in a pooled relative risk for dementia of 1.20 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.39) for one risk factor, 1.65 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.94) for two and 2.21 (95% CI 1.78 to 2.73) for three or more, relative to no risk factors. Limitations include dependence on published results and variations in study outcome, cognitive assessment, length of follow-up and definition of risk factor exposure.
conclusionsThe strength of the reported associations, the consistency across studies and the suggestion of a dose response supports a need to keep modifiable risk factor exposure to a minimum and to avoid exposure to additional modifiable risks. Further research is needed to establish whether particular combinations of risk factors confer greater risk than others. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: 42016052914.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.