Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30781797›Full record

SynthesisNutrients2019

A Systematic Review of the Association of Skipping Breakfast with Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents. What Should We Better Investigate in the Future?

Alice Monzani, Roberta Ricotti, Marina Caputo, Arianna Solito, Francesca Archero, Simonetta Bellone, Flavia Prodam

Open access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 141 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
141citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
29.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

141 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.

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  20. Beyond theChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alice MonzaniSCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy. alice.monzani@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-6676-5773
Roberta RicottiSCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy. roberta.ricotti@uniupo.it.
Marina CaputoEndocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy. arisolito@gmail.com.
Arianna SolitoSCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy. francesca.archero@gmail.com.
Francesca ArcheroSCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy. simonetta.bellone@med.uniupo.it.
Simonetta BelloneSCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy. marina.caputo@hotmail.com.
Flavia ProdamSCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy. flavia.prodam@med.uniupo.it.ORCID 0000-0001-9660-5335
Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The incidence of skipping breakfast in pediatric subjects is rising, and a relationship with overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) has been shown. Associations with cardiovascular outcomes and skipping breakfast in adults have been reported. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the association of skipping breakfast with body weight and metabolic outcomes in the pediatric population. We searched relevant databases (2008⁻2018) and identified 56 articles, of which 39 were suitable to be included, basing on inclusion criteria (observational; defined breakfast skipping; weight and/or metabolic outcomes). Overall, 286,804 children and adolescents living in 33 countries were included. The definitions of OW/OB, skipping breakfast, and the nutrient assessment were highly heterogeneous. Confounding factors were reported infrequently. The prevalence of skipping breakfast ranged 10⁻30%, with an increasing trend in adolescents, mainly in girls. Skipping breakfast was associated with OW/OB in the 94.7% of the subjects. The lack of association was shown mainly in infants. Moreover, 16,130 subjects were investigated for cardiometabolic outcomes. Skipping breakfast was associated with a worse lipid profile, blood pressure levels, insulin-resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Five studies reported a lower quality dietary intake in breakfast skippers. This review supports skipping breakfast as an easy marker of the risk of OW/OB and metabolic diseases, whether or not it is directly involved in causality. We encourage intervention studies using standardized and generalizable indicators. Data on confounders, time of fasting, chronotypes, and nutrition quality are needed to establish the best practice for using it as a tool for assessing obesity risk.

Indexed as

BreakfastOverweightAdolescentChildChild Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaHumansRisk Factorsadolescentsbreakfastchildrenmetabolic syndromeobesityskipping

Identifiers

PMID30781797
PMCPMC6412508
OpenAlexW2914513696

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.