Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30781585›Full record

ReviewPharmaceutics2019

Nanoemulsions for "Nose-to-Brain" Drug Delivery.

Maria Cristina Bonferoni, Silvia Rossi, Giuseppina Sandri, Franca Ferrari, Elisabetta Gavini, Giovanna Rassu, Paolo Giunchedi

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
99citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
11.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

99 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 248 citations in OpenAlex.

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39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Maria Cristina BonferoniDepartment of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy. cbonferoni@unipv.it.ORCID 0000-0002-1194-9372
Silvia RossiDepartment of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy. silvia.rossi@unipv.it.ORCID 0000-0001-9511-3857
Giuseppina SandriDepartment of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy. giuseppina.sandri@unipv.it.ORCID 0000-0001-6766-9321
Franca FerrariDepartment of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy. franca.ferrari@unipv.it.
Elisabetta GaviniDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy. eligav@uniss.it.ORCID 0000-0002-0499-9419
Giovanna RassuDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy. grassu@uniss.it.ORCID 0000-0001-6268-8179
Paolo GiunchediDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy. pgiunc@uniss.it.ORCID 0000-0002-2471-1355
University of Pavia · ITUniversity of Sassari · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The blood⁻brain barrier (BBB) plays a fundamental role in protecting the brain from toxic substances and therefore also controls and restricts the entry of therapeutic agents. The nasal administration of drugs using the nose-to-brain pathway allows direct drug targeting into the brain, avoiding the first-pass effect and bypassing the BBB. Through the nasal route, the drug can access the brain directly along the trigeminal and olfactory nerves, which are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity. Nanoemulsions are formulations belonging to the field of nanomedicine. They consist of emulsions (commonly oil in water) stabilized by one or more surfactants-and eventually co-surfactants-delivered in droplets of small dimensions (sizes of 100⁻300 nm or less) with a high surface area. A mucoadhesive polymer such as chitosan can be added to the formulation to impair rapid nasal clearance. Nanoemulsions represent promising formulations to deliver drugs directly into the brain through the intranasal route. Therefore, they can be used as a possible alternative to oral administration, avoiding problems such as low solubility in water, poor bioavailability, enzymatic degradation and slow onset of action. This review focuses the present situation in literature regarding the use of nanoemulsions for nose-to-brain targeting, with particular attention to recent publications. Nasal nanoemulsions appear to be effective, non-invasive and safe drug delivery systems to achieve brain targeting for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Indexed as

blood-brain barrierbrain targetingnanoemulsionnasal mucosanose-to-brain deliveryolfactory pathway

Identifiers

PMID30781585
PMCPMC6409749
OpenAlexW2913486029

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.