ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Spatial Distribution Variation and Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Exposure to Fluoride in Ground Water Supplies: A Case Study in an Endemic Fluorosis Region of Northwest Iran.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global groundwater contamination by geogenic fluoride.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2026Pooled it
- Fluoride in drinking groundwater and prevalence of fluorosis in children and adolescents: A systematic review.Acta odontologica latinoamericana : AOL · 2023Pooled it
- Recent Biomarkers for Monitoring the Systemic Fluoride Levels in Exposed Populations: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Soil fluoride enrichment process and the possible adaptation prevention principle in coal-burning fluorosis area in Southwest China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of fluoride-induced testicular alteration in rats fed a high-fat diet.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2024Article
- Assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of metals in the drinking water of Isfahan, Iran.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Investigation on Applying Biodegradable Material for Removal of Various Substances (Fluorides, Nitrates and Lead) from Water.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Groundwater geochemical signatures and implication for sustainable development in a typical endorheic watershed on Tibetan plateau.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Water quality evaluation and non-cariogenic risk assessment of exposure to nitrate in groundwater resources of Kamyaran, Iran: spatial distribution, Monte-Carlo simulation, and sensitivity analysis.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2021Article
- The analysis of groundwater nitrate pollution and health risk assessment in rural areas of Yantai, China.BMC public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prevalence of fluorosis is a worldwide public health issue, especially in the West Azerbaijan province of Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate fluoride concentration in drinking water resources within Maku city, in both the warm and cold seasons, to perform a health risk assessment. Fluoride were measured using UV-visible spectrophotometry. The spatial distribution was calculated by the software ArcGIS and Hazard Quotients (HQs) were calculated according to the US EPA method. The fluoride concentrations ranged between 0.29 to 6.68 and 0.1 to 11.4 mg/L in the cold and warm seasons, respectively. Based on this report, 30.64 and 48.15% of the samples revealed a fluoride level higher than the permissible level in the cold and warm seasons, respectively. Moreover, results showed that the HQ value in the warm season for different age groups was higher than the HQ value in the cold season. In both seasons, the non-carcinogenic risks of fluoride for the four exposed populations varied according to the order: children > teenagers > adults > infants. The HQ values for three age groups (children, teenager and adults) for both seasons were higher than 1 with a high risk of fluorosis. The results of this study, support the requests that government authorities better manage water supplies to improve health quality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.