ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2019
Staphylococcus aureus Lipoteichoic Acid Damages the Skin Barrier through an IL-1-Mediated Pathway.
Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and its Therapeutic Implications.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Kaempferol suppresses TLR-2 and TLR-4 coactivation by attenuation of LPS/LTA-induced inflammation and cellular stress.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Th2-Polarised CD4Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- The epidermal lipid-microbiome loop and immunity: Important players in atopic dermatitis.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- A review of pharmaceutical and personal care products and atopic dermatitis based on epidemiological and basic research findings.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Non-invasive evaluation of cytokine expression using the cerumen of dogs with otitis externa.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Microbial perspective on the skin-gut axis and atopic dermatitis.Open life sciences · 2024Review
- Microbiome: Role in Inflammatory Skin Diseases.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Are the Cutaneous Microbiota a Guardian of the Skin's Physical Barrier? The Intricate Relationship between Skin Microbes and Barrier Integrity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- DOCK8 is essential for neutrophil mediated clearance of cutaneous S. aureus infection.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023Article
- Synergistic Antibiotic Activity of Ricini Semen Extract with Oxacillin against Methicillin-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Type 2 Inflammation Contributes to Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2022Review
- Mechanistic Studies andJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2022Article
- Revisiting the Roles of Filaggrin in Atopic Dermatitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Cytokine-Mediated Crosstalk Between Keratinocytes and T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Influence of Microbiome Dysbiosis and Bacterial Biofilms on Epidermal Barrier Function in Atopic Dermatitis-An Update.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Epidermis as a Platform for Bacterial Transmission.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Recent advances in atopic dermatitis.Current opinion in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterial pathogen that may penetrate through the barrier into the epidermis and dermis of the skin. We hypothesized that the S. aureus cell wall product lipoteichoic acid (LTA) may contribute to the development of inflammation and skin barrier defects; however, the effects of LTA in vivo are not well understood. In this study, we examined the effects induced by intradermal S. aureus LTA. We found that keratinocytes in LTA-treated skin were highly proliferative, expressing 10-fold increased levels of Ki67. Furthermore, we observed that LTA caused damage to the skin barrier with substantial loss of filaggrin and loricrin expression. In addition, levels of the IL-1 family of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the neutrophil-attracting chemokines Cxcl1 and Cxcl2, were increased. Concomitantly, we observed significant numbers of neutrophils infiltrating into the epidermis. Finally, we determined that LTA-induced signals were mediated in part through IL-1, because an IL-1 receptor type 1 antagonist ameliorated the effects of LTA, blocking neutrophil recruitment and increasing the expression of skin barrier proteins. In summary, we show that S. aureus LTA alone is sufficient to promote keratinocyte proliferation, inhibit expression of epidermal barrier proteins, induce IL-1 signaling, and recruit cells involved in skin inflammation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.