Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30779529›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2019

Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma.

Brian I Rini, Elizabeth R Plimack, Viktor Stus, Rustem Gafanov, Robert Hawkins, Dmitry Nosov, Frédéric Pouliot, Boris Alekseev, Denis Soulières, Bohuslav Melichar and 18 more

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IIIComparative StudyMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,879 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,879citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02853331 phase3completednot on this map

A Phase III Randomized, Open-label Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Combination With Axitinib Versus Sunitinib Monotherapy as a First-line Treatment for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) (KEYNOTE-426)

TypeinterventionalSponsorMerck Sharp & Dohme LLCRan2016 to 2025Enrolled861ConditionsRenal Cell CarcinomaArmsPembrolizumab, Axitinib, Sunitinib
NCT04197219 phase2withdrawnnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Pembrolizumab With Axitinib in Recurrent Endometrial Cancer With Deficient Mismatch Repair System Post PD1 Exposure: Phase II Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorCase Comprehensive Cancer CenterRan2021 to 2026Enrolled0ConditionsRecurrent Endometrial CancerArmsPembrolizumab, Axitinib
NCT05782400 active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Multiomics Approach for Patients Stratification and Novel Target Identification in Metastatic Clear Renal Cell Carcnoma

TypeobservationalSponsorFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, MilanoRan2023 to 2027Enrolled100ConditionsMetastatic Clear Cell Renal CarcinomaArmsCT scan, Plasma collection
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,879 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  14. Axitinib plus Avelumab in Recurrent/Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Biomarker Analysis and Updated Results of the Phase II Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026
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  19. LASER: A Phase 2 Trial ofJournal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2026
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1,819 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors.

Brian I RiniFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Elizabeth R PlimackFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Viktor StusFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Rustem GafanovFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Robert HawkinsFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Dmitry NosovFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Frédéric PouliotFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Boris AlekseevFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Denis SoulièresFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Bohuslav MelicharFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Ihor VynnychenkoFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Anna KryzhanivskaFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Igor BondarenkoFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Sergio J AzevedoFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Delphine BorchielliniFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Cezary SzczylikFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Maurice MarkusFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Raymond S McDermottFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Jens BedkeFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Sophie TartasFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Yen-Hwa ChangFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Satoshi TamadaFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Qiong ShouFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Rodolfo F PeriniFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Mei ChenFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Michael B AtkinsFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
Thomas PowlesFrom the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland (B.I.R.); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (E.R.P.); Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (V.S.) and Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy (I.B.), Dnipro, Sumy State University, Sumy Regional Oncology Center, Sumy (I.V.), and Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk (A.K.) - all in Ukraine; the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology (R.G.), Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Clinic (D.N.), and Hertzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute (B.A.), Moscow; the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester (R.H.), and Barts Health and the Royal Free NHS Trusts, Barts Cancer Institute, and Queen Mary University of London, London (T.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec and Université Laval, Quebec, QC (F.P.), and CHU de Montréal, Montreal (D.S.) - both in Canada; Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (B.M.); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.J.A.); Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (D.B.), and Hôpitaux Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon (S. Tartas) - both in France; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (C.S.); Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, CO (M.M.); Adelaide and Meath Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin (R.S.M.); the Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (J.B.); Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Y.-H.C.); Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan (S. Tamada); MSD China, Beijing (Q.S.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (R.F.P., M.C.); and Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (M.B.A.).
KEYNOTE-426 Investigators

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe combination of pembrolizumab and axitinib showed antitumor activity in a phase 1b trial involving patients with previously untreated advanced renal-cell carcinoma. Whether pembrolizumab plus axitinib would result in better outcomes than sunitinib in such patients was unclear.

methodsIn an open-label, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 861 patients with previously untreated advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma to receive pembrolizumab (200 mg) intravenously once every 3 weeks plus axitinib (5 mg) orally twice daily (432 patients) or sunitinib (50 mg) orally once daily for the first 4 weeks of each 6-week cycle (429 patients). The primary end points were overall survival and progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. The key secondary end point was the objective response rate. All reported results are from the protocol-specified first interim analysis.

resultsAfter a median follow-up of 12.8 months, the estimated percentage of patients who were alive at 12 months was 89.9% in the pembrolizumab-axitinib group and 78.3% in the sunitinib group (hazard ratio for death, 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38 to 0.74; P<0.0001). Median progression-free survival was 15.1 months in the pembrolizumab-axitinib group and 11.1 months in the sunitinib group (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.84; P<0.001). The objective response rate was 59.3% (95% CI, 54.5 to 63.9) in the pembrolizumab-axitinib group and 35.7% (95% CI, 31.1 to 40.4) in the sunitinib group (P<0.001). The benefit of pembrolizumab plus axitinib was observed across the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk groups (i.e., favorable, intermediate, and poor risk) and regardless of programmed death ligand 1 expression. Grade 3 or higher adverse events of any cause occurred in 75.8% of patients in the pembrolizumab-axitinib group and in 70.6% in the sunitinib group.

conclusionsAmong patients with previously untreated advanced renal-cell carcinoma, treatment with pembrolizumab plus axitinib resulted in significantly longer overall survival and progression-free survival, as well as a higher objective response rate, than treatment with sunitinib. (Funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme; KEYNOTE-426 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02853331.).

Indexed as

Administration, IntravenousAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic AgentsAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsAxitinibCarcinoma, Renal CellFemaleHumansIntention to Treat AnalysisKidney NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic AgentsAxitinibPDCD1 protein, humanpembrolizumabProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorSunitinib

Identifiers

PMID30779529

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.