Observational studySleep2019
Racial/ethnic disparities in women's sleep duration, continuity, and quality, and their statistical mediators: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.
Observational study in Sleep, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Financial strain measures and associations with adult health: A systematic literature review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Pooled it
- Sleep Mediates the Relationship Between Stress and Blood Pressure in Older African American Women: A Cross-Sectional RiSE Study.Behavioral sleep medicine · 2026Article
- Actigraphy-derived multidimensional sleep health among breast cancer survivors and controls: Pink SWAN.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Racial Differences in Self-Reported Sleep Continuity Disturbance, Problem Endorsement, and Daytime Dysfunction Among Black and White Non-Hispanic Adults in the United States.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Article
- Comparison of two self-reported tools for assessment of sleep quality.Patient related outcome measures · 2026Article
- Article
- Observational
- Disparities in objective sleep measures among individuals who have undergone polysomnographic studies.Frontiers in sleep · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparing Sleep Quality, Duration, and Efficiency Among Low-Income Community-Dwelling Older Adults With and Without Physical Disabilities.Journal of gerontological nursing · 2024Article
- Type 2 diabetes and health-related quality of life among older Medicare beneficiaries: The mediating role of sleep.Sleep medicine · 2024Article
- Race and sex differences in the longitudinal changes in multidimensional self-reported sleep health characteristics in aging older adults.Sleep health · 2023Article
- Network stressors, personal stressors, and ambulatory blood pressure in African-American women-Does superwoman schema play a role?Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2023Article
- Sleep timing, sleep regularity, and psychological health in early late life women: Findings from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).Sleep health · 2023Article
- Obstructive sleep apnea and cognition: insights gleaned from bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Preliminary Evidence for the Sequentially Mediated Effect of Racism-Related Stress on Pain Sensitivity Through Sleep Disturbance and Corticolimbic Opioid Receptor Function.The journal of pain · 2023Article
- Racial/ethnic variations in inflammatory markers: exploring the role of sleep duration and sleep efficiency.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2022Article
- Disruption of Sleep Continuity During the Perimenopause: Associations with Female Reproductive Hormone Profiles.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Sleep in times of crises: A scoping review in the early days of the COVID-19 crisis.Sleep medicine reviews · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesTo describe racial/ethnic differences in sleep duration, continuity, and perceived sleep quality in postmenopausal women and to identify statistical mediators of differences in sleep characteristics.
methodsRecruited from the observational Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), 1,203 (548 white, 303 black, 147 Chinese, 132 Japanese, and 73 Hispanic; mean age 65 years, 97% postmenopausal) women participated in a week-long actigraphy and daily diary study in 2013-2015. Actigraphic measures of sleep duration and wake after sleep onset (WASO), and diary-rated sleep quality were averaged across the week. Candidate mediators included health-related variables; stress; and emotional well-being assessed up to 13 times across 18 years from baseline to sleep study.
resultsWhites slept longer than other groups; the significant mediators were concurrent financial hardship and increasing number of stressors for Hispanics or Japanese versus whites. Whites had less WASO than blacks and Hispanics; significant mediators were concurrent number of health problems, physical inactivity, waist circumference, vasomotor symptoms, number of life stressors, and financial hardship, and increasing number of health problems from baseline to sleep study. Whites reported better sleep quality than blacks, Chinese, and Japanese; significant mediators were concurrent physical inactivity, vasomotor symptoms, positive affect, and depressive symptoms.
conclusionsSleep differences between blacks or Hispanics versus whites were mediated by health problems, number of stressors, and financial hardship, whereas sleep differences between Chinese or Japanese versus whites were mediated by emotional well-being. This is the first study using formal mediational approaches.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.