ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2019
Infiltrating stromal immune cells in inflammatory breast cancer are associated with an improved outcome and increased PD-L1 expression.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in patients diagnosed with breast cancer: meta-analysis.The British journal of surgery · 2021Pooled it
- Prognostic Value of Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 (LAG3) in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Pooled it
- Prominin 2 promotes the progression of breast cancer by inhibiting ferroptosisJournal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- Reprogramming the Immune Landscape of Inflammatory Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptome profiling identifies cellular heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in inflammatory breast cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- The spatial immune landscape predicts outcome and reveals the central role of tumor-associated macrophages in inflammatory breast cancer biology.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Inflammatory breast cancer among advanced breast malignancies: diagnostic, microenvironmental, and therapeutic challenges of the rare amongst the common.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Emerging Biomarkers to Predict Immunotherapy Response in Breast Cancer.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals the malignant characteristics of tumour cells and the immunosuppressive landscape in HER2-positive inflammatory breast cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- How to Define Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2025Review
- Natural killer cells occupy unique spatial neighborhoods in HER2Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Double trouble, managing bilateral inflammatory breast cancer: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Treatment Response, Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Clinical Outcomes in Inflammatory Breast Cancer-Treated with Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- Reconstruction of unreported subgroup survival data with PD-L1-low expression in advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer using innovative KMSubtraction workflow.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: An effective strategy for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.Genes & diseases · 2023Review
- Article
- Proactive Immunotherapeutic Approaches against Inflammatory Breast Cancer May Improve Patient Outcomes.Cells · 2022Article
- Expression of PD-L1 in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer and Its Impact on Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- Expression of PD-L1 in Early-Stage Invasive Breast Carcinoma and Its Relation to Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- Immunoarchitectural patterns as potential prognostic factors for invasive ductal breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and rapidly progressive form of invasive breast cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical evolution, stromal tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL) infiltration and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in a large IBC cohort. PATIENTS AND
methodsData were collected prospectively from patients with IBC as part of an international collaborative effort since 1996. In total, 143 patients with IBC starting treatment between June 1996 and December 2016 were included. Clinicopathological variables were collected, and sTIL were scored by two pathologists on standard H&E stained sections. PD-L1 expression was assessed using a validated PD-L1 (SP142) assay. A validation cohort of 64 patients with IBC was used to test our findings.
resultsSurvival outcomes of IBC remained poor with a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 45.6%. OS was significantly better in patients with primary non-metastatic disease who received taxane-containing (neo)adjuvant therapy (P = 0.01), had a hormone receptor-positive tumour (P = 0.001) and had lower cN stage at diagnosis (P = 0.001). PD-L1 positivity on immune cells (42.9%) was higher in IBC than in non-IBC in both our patient samples and the validation cohort. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression predicted pCR (P = 0.002) and correlated with sTIL infiltration (P < 0.001). sTIL infiltration of more than 10% of the stroma was a significant predictor of improved OS (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27-0.81, P = 0.006) in a multivariate model.
conclusionsIBC is characterised by poor survival and high PD-L1 immunoreactivity on sTIL. This suggests a role for PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of IBC. Furthermore, we showed that PD-L1 expression predicts response to neo-adjuvant therapy and that sTIL have prognostic significance in IBC.
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