Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30777100›Full record

ReviewJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2019

Challenges and potential of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy for glioblastoma.

Xin Wang, Gaochao Guo, Hui Guan, Yang Yu, Jie Lu, Jinming Yu

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 168 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
168citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

168 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. Strategies to target PD-1/PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026
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108 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xin WangDepartment of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
Gaochao GuoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Hui GuanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
Yang YuDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China.
Jie LuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China. Dr_peterluu@163.com.
Jinming YuDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China. sdyujinming@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades have achieved significant progress in several kinds of tumours. Pembrolizumab, which targets PD-1, has been approved as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with positive PD-L1 expression. However, PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades have not achieved breakthroughs in treating glioblastoma because glioblastoma has a low immunogenic response and an immunosuppressive microenvironment caused by the precise crosstalk between cytokines and immune cells. A phase III clinical trial, Checkmate 143, reported that nivolumab, which targets PD-1, did not demonstrate survival benefits compared with bavacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma patients. Thus, the combination of a PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade with RT, TMZ, antibodies targeting other inhibitory or stimulatory molecules, targeted therapy, and vaccines may be an appealing solution aimed at achieving optimal clinical benefit. There are many ongoing clinical trials exploring the efficacy of various approaches based on PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades in primary or recurrent glioblastoma patients. Many challenges need to be overcome, including the identification of discrepancies between different genomic subtypes in their response to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades, the selection of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades for primary versus recurrent glioblastoma, and the identification of the optimal combination and sequence of combination therapy. In this review, we describe the immunosuppressive molecular characteristics of the tumour microenvironment (TME), candidate biomarkers of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades, ongoing clinical trials and challenges of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades in glioblastoma.

Indexed as

B7-H1 AntigenBrain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaHumansImmunotherapyMolecular Targeted TherapyProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorB7-H1 AntigenCD274 protein, humanPDCD1 protein, humanProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorGlioblastoma multiformeNivolumabTemozolomideTumour infiltrating lymphocytesTumour mutation load

Identifiers

PMID30777100
PMCPMC6380009

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.