ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2019
Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease Is Associated with Simultaneous Systemic and Central Nervous System Dysregulation of Insulin-Linked Metabolic Pathways.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of MicroRNA Expression as Biomarker of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2019Pooled it
- Safety, Efficacy, and Feasibility of Intranasal Insulin for the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA neurology · 2020 · on this mapTrial
- Association Between Insulin Resistance, Plasma Leptin, and Neurocognition in Vascular Cognitive Impairment.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2019Trial
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Combined with Rosiglitazone Improves Cognitive Function Via Microglial Polarization and Increased Mature/Pro-BDNF in Alzheimer's Disease.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2026Article
- Review
- Evaluation of distinct and similar pathological features between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Nomogram for predicting mild cognitive impairment in Chinese elder CSVD patients based on Boruta algorithm.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- State of the Science on Brain Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Decline Due to Alzheimer's Disease.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Dysregulated mTOR networks in experimental sporadic Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Conquering Insulin Network Dysfunctions in Alzheimer's Disease: Where Are We Today?Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- Early-Stage Moderate Alcohol Feeding Dysregulates Insulin-Related Metabolic Hormone Expression in the Brain: Potential Links to Neurodegeneration Including Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Article
- Pre-clinical Evidence-based Neuroprotective Potential of Naringin against Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology: A Comprehensive Review.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability to Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Concordant and Discordant Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The Deficits of Insulin Signal in Alzheimer's Disease and the Mechanisms of Vanadium Compounds in Curing AD.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Soluble and insoluble protein aggregates, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and vascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases.GeroScience · 2023Review
- Long-term use of metformin and Alzheimer's disease: beneficial or detrimental effects.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- The potential role of human islet amyloid polypeptide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's diseases.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Review
- Malignant Brain Aging: The Formidable Link Between Dysregulated Signaling Through Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathways and Alzheimer's Disease (Type 3 Diabetes).Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Review
- Interactions between genes involved in physiological dysregulation and axon guidance: role in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBrain insulin resistance is a well-recognized abnormality in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the likely mediator of impaired glucose utilization that emerges early and progresses with disease severity. Moreover, the rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD are significantly greater in people with diabetes mellitus or obesity.
objectiveThis study was designed to determine whether systemic and central nervous system (CNS) insulin resistant disease states emerge together and thus may be integrally related.
methodsInsulin-related molecules were measured in paired human serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 19 with MCI or early AD, and 21 controls using a multiplex ELISA platform.
resultsIn MCI/AD, both the CSF and serum samples had significantly elevated mean levels of C-peptide and an incretin, and reduced expression of Visfatin, whereas only CSF showed significant reductions in insulin and leptin and only serum had increased glucagon, PAI-1, and ghrelin. Although the overall CSF and serum responses reflected insulin resistance together with insulin deficiency, the specific alterations measured in CSF and serum were different.
conclusionIn MCI and early-stage AD, CNS and systemic insulin-related metabolic dysfunctions, including insulin resistance, occur simultaneously, suggesting that they are integrally related and possibly mediated similar pathogenic factors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.