ReviewHepatic medicine : evidence and research2019
Portosystemic shunts and refractory hepatic encephalopathy: patient selection and current options.
Review in Hepatic medicine : evidence and research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07553858 (Endoscopic Ultrasound Embolization of Porto-Systemic Shunt for Management of Medically Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Embolization of Porto-Systemic Shunt for Management of Medically Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Trial
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Reversal of hepatic encephalopathy following a trans-scrotal approach to mesogonadal shunt embolization: a case report.CVIR endovascular · 2026Article
- Covert hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: implications for early diagnosis and appropriate management.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy After Abdominal Surgery in a Non-Cirrhotic Patient: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- [A dual-center study of enhanced CT-based nomograms predicts spontaneous portosystemic shunts on initial hemorrhage from rupture of esophageal gastric varices in cirrhosis].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Ultra-Large Spontaneous Portosystemic Shunt is Correlated With a Higher Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Increased Risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Article
- [Paradoxical roles of spontaneous portosystemic shunts and their management strategy in splenectomy with devascularization].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2025Article
- Effects of shunt embolization on hepatic encephalopathy recurrence in patients with major portosystemic shunts: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Clinical Implications and Management of Spontaneous Portosystemic Shunts in Liver Cirrhosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Vascular Plug-Assisted Retrograde Obliteration (PARTO) of Right Mesorenal Shunt for Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Uncommon Site of a Spontaneous Portosystemic Shunt in Cirrhosis.The Indian journal of radiology & imaging · 2023Article
- [Endovascular therapy accompanied by spontaneous portosystemic shunts for overt hepatic encephalopathy].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2023Article
- Clinical outcomes related to portal pressures before and after embolization of large portosystemic shunts in cirrhosis.SAGE open medicine · 2023Article
- A Challenging Case of Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Postliver Retransplant Patient with Thrombosed Portal Vein: A Shunt for a Shunt.Case reports in hepatology · 2023Article
- Large Paraumbilical Vein Shunts Increase the Risk of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Placement.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- A case of venous aneurysm of a splenorenal shunt.BJR case reports · 2021Article
- Successful treatment of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy with revision of transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunt and embolisation of splenorenal shunt.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Friend or Foe? Spontaneous Portosystemic Shunts in Cirrhosis-Current Understanding and Future Prospects.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2021Review
- Shunt-Induced Hepatic Encephalopathy in TIPS: Current Approaches and Clinical Challenges.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Beyond the scope and the glue: update on evaluation and management of gastric varices.BMC gastroenterology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Portosystemic shunt (PS) syndrome encompasses a spectrum of disease manifestations ranging from asymptomatic portal hypertension to recurrent and refractory hepatic encephalopathy, ultimately culminating in progressive hepatic failure in patients of cirrhosis and associated large PSs. PSs commonly seen in cirrhosis include splenorenal, gastrorenal, and dilated paraumbilical veins, all of which can present with recurrent or refractory hepatic encephalopathy. In this exhaustive review, we describe the anatomy of PSs, elucidate new theories on their pathophysiology, discuss the clinical implications of PSs in cirrhosis, provide details on different techniques (classical and novel) of shunt embolization, and explore all the pertinent current literature on shunt embolization for refractory and recurrent hepatic encephalopathy, all of which are enumerated with extensive images and illustrations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.