Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30774437›Full record

ArticleCancer management and research2019

Identifying the reasons for delayed presentation of Pakistani breast cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital.

Faisal Gulzar, Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar, Rafshan Sadiq, Sajid Bashir, Sajida Jamil, Shahid Mahmood Baig

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Cancer management and research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04929964 (COVID 19 Pandemic), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04929964 completednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

COVID 19 Pandemic: Effect on Management of Patients With Breast Cancer; Single Center Study

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorMehwish Mooghal , MBBSRan2020 to 2021Enrolled87ConditionsCovid19, Breast Cancer Stage, Isolation, Social, Locally Advanced Breast CancerArmsMRM , Toilet Mastectomy , BCS
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Faisal GulzarDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan, mfaisalgul33@gmail.com.
Muhammad Shoaib AkhtarDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan, mfaisalgul33@gmail.com.
Rafshan SadiqPunjab Institute for Nuclear Medicines (PINUM) Cancer Hospital, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Sajid BashirDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan, mfaisalgul33@gmail.com.
Sajida JamilDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, mfaisalgul33@gmail.com.
Shahid Mahmood BaigHuman Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, shahid_baig2002@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDelay in seeking health care by breast cancer patients is associated with advanced stage of disease at presentation and poor survival rates. This study aimed to identify the reasons for delayed presentation and their association with various sociodemographic variables.

methodsA total of 200 female patients with abnormal clinical findings, ie, lump or palpable mass, were consecutively invited for this study. Diagnostic delay was defined as a consultation with a health care provider more than 3 months from the appearance of the first symptoms. Sociodemographic variables, presenting symptoms, knowledge about diseases and its symptoms, time between seeking medical attention after appearance of symptoms and causes of delayed presentation were investigated. Chi-squared and logistic regression tests for significance and associations were used.

resultsAmong 125 women with breast cancer fulfilling the inclusion criteria, aged 24-75 years, 88.8% (n=111) presented late (≥3 months) and 59% presented with advanced stage of disease (stage III/IV). The majority (65.6%) were older than 40 years of age, 99.2% were married, 60.8% had <8 years of education, 67.2% had poor social status, and 64.8% had a negative family history of any cancer type. Almost all patients (96%) complained about the presence of a painless lump in their breast. Ignorance of disease or the presence of painless lumps in the breast and low financial resources for therapy (81.1%) were the main variables associated with delayed presentation. Educational factors (

conclusionOur study highlighted the variables associated with delayed presentation in Pakistani breast cancer patients. A significant number of patients presented late owing to misconceptions and poor knowledge about the disease and its symptoms, while illiteracy and poor social status were the major contributing factors for delayed presentation, resulting in an advanced presentation of disease and ultimately a decreased survival rate.

Indexed as

breast cancerilliteracypainless lumpsocial statussurvival rate

Identifiers

PMID30774437
PMCPMC6357878

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.