ArticleImmunology2019
Daily variation in macrophage phagocytosis is clock-independent and dispensable for cytokine production.
Article in Immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circadian clock disruption impairs immune oscillation in chronic endogenous hypercortisolism: a multi-level analysis from a multicentre clinical trial.EBioMedicine · 2024Trial
- Nanoadjuvant-integrated organic biomaterials for immune engineering: Mechanisms, design strategies, and translational applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- HIF-1α and BMAL1 in bone regeneration: crosstalk between hypoxia response and circadian rhythm.Bone research · 2026Review
- Temporal dynamics in cancer immunotherapy: the interplay between circadian rhythms, tumor microenvironment, and immune checkpoint blockade.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Review
- Circadian Clock: A Regulator of Immunity in Autoimmune Diseases.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Circadian rhythms of macrophages are altered by the acidic tumor microenvironment.EMBO reports · 2024Article
- BMAL2 promotes eCIRP-induced macrophage endotoxin tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cholinergic Polarization of Human Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Non-Excitatory Amino Acids, Melatonin, and Free Radicals: Examining the Role in Stroke and Aging.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Do macrophages follow the beat of circadian rhythm in TIME (Tumor Immune Microenvironment)?F1000Research · 2023Review
- Circadian metabolism regulates the macrophage inflammatory response.Life metabolism · 2022Review
- Aging disrupts circadian gene regulation and function in macrophages.Nature immunology · 2022Article
- Macrophage Meets the Circadian Clock: Implication of the Circadian Clock in the Role of Macrophages in Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Nuclear Receptors and Clock Components in Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Circadian Clock and Viral Infections.Journal of biological rhythms · 2021Review
- The Circadian Clock Protein BMAL1 Acts as a Metabolic Sensor In Macrophages to Control the Production of Pro IL-1β.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Circadian rhythms in innate immunity and stress responses.Immunology · 2020Review
- Macrophage phagocytosis assay with reconstituted target particles.Nature protocols · 2020Article
- The clock geneProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Innate Rhythms: Clocks at the Center of Monocyte and Macrophage Function.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Innate immune responses vary in a circadian manner, and more recent investigations aim to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cytokine production varies significantly over the course of a day depending on the time of stimulation by pathogens or Toll-like receptor ligands, and multiple signaling pathways linked to the cell-autonomous circadian clock modulate innate immunity. Recognition of foreign material, especially by innate immune cells, engages a myriad of receptors, which trigger inflammatory responses, as well as endocytosis and degradation and/or processing for antigen presentation. Because of the close connection between particle engulfment and inflammation, it has been proposed that phagocytic uptake may drive cytokine production in phagocytes. Here we show that bacterial particle ingestion by mouse peritoneal macrophages displays temporal variation, but is independent of the cell-intrinsic circadian clock in an ex vivo setting. Although cytokine production is dependent on phagocytosis, uptake capacity across 12 hr does not translate into 24-hr rhythms in cytokine production. In vivo, time-of-day variations in phagocytic capacity are not found, whereas a time of day and clock-dependent cytokine response is maintained. These data show that efficiency of bacterial phagocytosis and the 24-hr rhythmicity of cytokine production by macrophages are independent of one another and should be studied separately.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.