ArticleMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2019
Ursolic Acid Exhibits Potent Anticancer Effects in Human Metastatic Melanoma Cancer Cells (SK-MEL-24) via Apoptosis Induction, Inhibition of Cell Migration and Invasion, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Inhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/ERK Signaling Pathway.
Article in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanodelivery Approaches of Phytoactives for Skin Cancers: Current and Future Perspectives.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- CD8 T-cell subsets: heterogeneity, functions, and therapeutic potential.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Inhibition of colorectal cancer tumorigenesis by ursolic acid and doxorubicin is mediated by targeting the Akt signaling pathway and activating the Hippo signaling pathway.Molecular medicine reports · 2023Article
- Coating of chitosan on poly D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid thymoquinone nanoparticles enhances the anti-tumor activity in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in chemistry · 2023Article
- Ursolic acid: a natural modulator of signaling networks in different cancers.Cancer cell international · 2022Review
- Ursolic Acid Accelerates Paclitaxel-Induced Cell Death in Esophageal Cancer Cells by Suppressing Akt/FOXM1 Signaling Cascade.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Cyclometalated Ru(II) β-carboline complexes induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human HeLa cervical cancer cells via suppressing ERK and Akt signaling.Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · 2021Article
- Screening of metabolic modulators identifies new strategies to target metabolic reprogramming in melanoma.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Retracted: Ursolic Acid Exhibits Potent Anticancer Effects in Human Metastatic Melanoma Cancer Cells (SK-MEL-24) via Apoptosis Induction, Inhibition of Cell Migration and Invasion, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Inhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/ERK Signaling Pathway.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2021Article
- Investigation of Phenolic Composition and Anticancer Properties of Ethanolic Extracts of Japanese Quince Leaves.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Evolution from small molecule to nano-drug delivery systems: An emerging approach for cancer therapy of ursolic acid.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2020Review
- Anticancer Activity of Novel Plant Extracts and Compounds fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2021-01-16Results Not Reproducible ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursolic acid is an important bioactive triterpenoid that has been reported to be of tremendous pharmacological importance. However, the anticancer potential of ursolic acid has not been examined against metastatic melanoma cells. Therefore, in this study we examined the anticancer potential of ursolic acid and its mode of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS WST-1 and colony formation assays were used for cell viability assessment. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was detected by AO/EB staining using fluorescence microscopy. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by Boyden chamber assay. Protein expression was checked by Western blotting. RESULTS The results revealed that ursolic acid exerts significant (p<0.01) growth-inhibitory effects on SK-MEL-24 cells. The IC₅₀ of ursolic acid against SK-MEL-24 cells was 25 µM. Our investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that ursolic acid prompts apoptotic cell death of the SK-MEL-24 cells, which was linked with increased expression of Bax and Caspase 3 and 9, and decreased expression of Bcl-2. Ursolic acid also halted the SK-MEL-24 cells at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and also downregulated the expression of Cyclin B1 and Cdc25. Ursolic acid significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the migration and invasion of SK-MEL-2 cells, indicative of its anti-metastatic potential. Finally, ursolic acid inhibited the MAPK/ERK pathway by suppressing the expression of p-P38 and p-ERK. CONCLUSIONS Ursolic acid appears to be a potent molecule for the treatment of melanoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.