Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30772828›Full record

ArticleTobacco control2020

Assessment of tobacco imagery and compliance with tobacco-free rules in popular Indian films.

Muralidhar M Kulkarni, Veena Ganesh Kamath, Jo Cranwell, John Britton, Gaurang P Nazar, Monika Arora, Kirthinath Ballal, Asha Kamath

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco control, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Impact of Smoking and Vaping in Films on Smoking and Vaping Uptake in Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Observational
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Muralidhar M KulkarniCommunity Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, India.
Veena Ganesh KamathCommunity Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, India.
Jo CranwellTobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
John BrittonUK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK j.britton@outlook.com.
Gaurang P NazarHRIDAY, Delhi, India.ORCID 0000-0002-7025-2946
Monika AroraHRIDAY, Delhi, India.
Kirthinath BallalCommunity Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, India.
Asha KamathDepartment of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, India.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/P008933/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExposure to smoking in films causes smoking uptake among adolescents. Investigation of the extent to which tobacco imagery appears, or tobacco control laws are complied with in Indian films is limited, and especially so for films in regional languages. This study presents an analysis of tobacco content and compliance with tobacco control laws in popular films in several languages from the Karnataka state of India.

methodsWe used 5 min interval coding to measure actual tobacco use, implied tobacco use, tobacco paraphernalia and tobacco branding in the top 10 films identified from national box office ratings and regional distributor reports in Karnataka in 2015 and 2016. We also assessed compliance with tobacco-free film rules in India.

findingsA total of 47 films, in English, Hindi, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Tulu languages were coded. Any tobacco imagery was observed in 72% of films, and actual tobacco use in 50%. Tobacco imagery was equally prevalent in films classified as suitable for universal viewing (U category) or at age 12 or more (U/A category) films; and significantly more common in films made in regional than national language (Hindi). None of the films were fully compliant with legal requirements on health spots, audiovisual disclaimers and health warnings.

conclusionsTobacco content was common in films classified as suitable for viewing by children, more among regional than national languages. Compliance with tobacco control laws was low. Stricter enforcement of tobacco-free film rules will protect children and adolescents from exposure to tobacco use on screen.

Indexed as

Tobacco ProductsTobacco UseHumansIndiaMotion PicturesPublic Policylow/middle income countrymediapublic policy

Identifiers

PMID30772828
PMCPMC6952842

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.