Trial reportJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2019
A Group Randomized Intervention Trial Increases Participation in the School Breakfast Program in 16 Rural High Schools in Minnesota.
Trial report in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the Use of Community Involvement in Rural Food Environment Modifications: A Systematic Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Using Social Media to Increase Participation in Universal Free School Meal Programs: An RCT With Parents of Elementary-Aged Children.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Trial
- Article
- Objectively-measured Environmental Support for Physical Activity, Healthy Eating, and Breastfeeding in the Rural United States: A Scoping Review to Inform Opportunities for Public Health Surveillance.Journal of healthy eating and active living · 2025Article
- A scoping review of policies to encourage breastfeeding, healthy eating, and physical activity among rural people and places in the United States.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- The Role of District Wellness Policies in Encouraging Student Participation in the School Breakfast Program, United States.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Leveraging Implementation Science in the Public Health Response to COVID-19 : Child Food Insecurity and Federal Nutrition Assistance Programs.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreakfast consumption is associated with better diet quality and healthier weights, yet many adolescents miss breakfast. Nationally, 17.1% of students participate in the School Breakfast Program (SBP). Only 10% of high school students participate.
objectiveOur aim was to evaluate an environmental intervention to increase SBP participation in high schools.
designA group randomized trial was carried out from 2012 to 2015. PARTICIPANTS/
settingNinth- and 10th-grade students enrolled in 16 rural schools in Minnesota (median 387 students) were randomized to intervention or control condition.
interventionA school-based intervention that included two key components was implemented over a 12-month period. One component focused on increasing SBP participation by increasing student access to school breakfast through changes in school breakfast service practices (eg, serving breakfast from a grab-n-go cart in the atrium; expanding breakfast service times). The other component focused on promoting school breakfast through student-directed marketing campaigns.
main outcome measureChange in school-level participation in the SBP was assessed between baseline (among ninth and tenth graders) and follow-up (among tenth and eleventh graders). School meal and attendance records were used to assess change in school-level participation rates in the SBP. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: The Wilcoxon test was used for analysis of difference in change in mean SBP participation rate by experimental group.
resultsThe median change in SBP participation rate between baseline and follow-up was 3% (interquartile range=13.5%) among the eight schools in the intervention group and 0.5% (interquartile range=0.7%) among the eight schools in the control group. This difference in change between groups was statistically significant (Wilcoxon test, P=0.03). The intervention effect increased throughout the intervention period, with change in mean SBP participation rate by the end of the school year reaching 10.3% (95% CI 3.0 to 17.6). However, among the intervention schools, the change in mean SBP participation rates was highly variable (range=-0.8% to 24.8%).
conclusionsInterventions designed to improve access to the SBP by reducing environmental and social barriers have potential to increase participation among high school students.
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Registered trials
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