Observational studyThe Knee2019
The relationship between lower extremity swelling, quadriceps strength, and functional performance following total knee arthroplasty.
Observational study in The Knee, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cross Therapy Registry - Edema Post Market Clinical Follow-up of Safety and Patient Outcomes for Subjects Undergoing Peroneal Nerve Stimulation by Geko™.
Cross Therapy Registry - Oedema Post Market Clinical Follow-up of Safety and Patient Outcomes for Subjects Undergoing Peroneal Nerve Stimulation by Geko™. CTR-Oedema-EU
Swelling Management After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Indicators and medical tests to identify lower limb swelling causes after total knee arthroplasty: a Delphi study with multidisciplinary experts.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Pooled it
- ACL Reconstruction: Which Additional Physiotherapy Interventions Improve Early-Stage Rehabilitation? A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of kinesiotaping for lymphatic drainage after bilateral total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial.Medicine · 2025Trial
- Therapeutic effect of knee extension exercise with single-joint hybrid assistive limb following total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Thromboprophylaxis with unilateral pneumatic device led to less edema and blood loss compared to enoxaparin after knee arthroplasty: randomized trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Trial
- Factors associated with early swelling after total knee arthroplasty and poor venous return : the impact of quadriceps strength, activity and preoperative anticoagulation.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Observational
- Preoperative photobiomodulation versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain and early functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Inflammatory phenotypes after total knee arthroplasty: a testable framework for biomarker-stratified enhanced recovery and precision rehabilitation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- How to monitor and discriminate the causes of lower limb swelling during home-based rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty? A delphi study.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2025Article
- Comparison of analgesic effects between betamethasone and dexamethasone in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The past and future of peri-operative interventions to reduce arthrogenic quadriceps muscle inhibition after total knee arthroplasty: A narrative review.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2024Review
- Difference in Bioimpedance Across the Knee in Un-Injured Young Adults.The Iowa orthopaedic journal · 2023Article
- Total Knee Arthroplasty Assessments Should Include Strength and Performance-Based Functional Tests to Complement Range-of-Motion and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.Physical therapy · 2022Article
- The effect of cold therapy combined with ERAS in the postoperative care of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.American journal of translational research · 2022Article
- Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Functional Performance before and after Lower Limb Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Pre-operative predictors of lower extremity swelling following total knee arthroplasty in patients with venous insufficiency and osteoarthritis.International orthopaedics · 2021Article
- Reliability, responsiveness, and validity of handheld dynamometry for assessing quadriceps strength in total knee arthroplasty.Disability and rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Effect of aqua walking exercise on knee joint angles, muscular strength, and visual analogue scale for patients with limited range of motion of the knee.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Peripheral Nociception Is Associated with Voluntary Activation Deficits and Quadriceps Weakness Following Total Knee Arthroplasty.The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relationships between swelling after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and quadriceps strength and functional performance are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationships between lower extremity swelling, measured using bioelectrical impedance assessment (SF-BIA), and quadriceps strength and timed up and go (TUG) times following TKA.
methods53 participants (64 ± 9.5 y/o, 43% male) undergoing primary unilateral TKA were recruited for the longitudinal observational study with repeated measures. Quantities of swelling were examined for contribution to two and six-week outcomes of strength and TUG time using hierarchical regression controlling for age, sex, and the baseline value of the dependent variable. Swelling was assessed using bioelectrical impedance assessment and quantified as the peak level of swelling and cumulative swelling (integral) over the post-TKA time window. Maximum isometric quadriceps strength (MVIC) was measured using a electromechanical dynamometer and participant functional performance measured using the TUG.
resultsNeither peak swelling nor cumulative swelling significantly contributed to the variance of two-week quadriceps strength. At six weeks, peak swelling significantly improved the variance in maximal quadriceps strength by an additional four percent (p = 0.05), while cumulative swelling did not significantly contribute. Peak swelling significantly contributed to the variance in two-week (16%) and six-week (five percent) TUG times (p < 0.05), but the cumulative swelling did not.
conclusionsPeak swelling represents a value of post-TKA swelling that is associated with strength and function. Reducing the peak level of swelling, occurring early after surgery, may improve patient functional recovery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II - Prospective observational study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.