ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2019
T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition in cardiovascular disease: a double-edged sword.
Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multimodal immune phenotyping of maternal peripheral blood in normal human pregnancy.JCI insight · 2020Trial
- Integrative Omics Analysis Reveals a CD206Barrier immunity · 2026Article
- A robust computational framework for methylation age and disease-risk prediction based on pairwise learning.Nature computational science · 2026Article
- T cells in cardiovascular disease: solved and unsolved mysteries.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Dysregulated lipid metabolites GML and GMO were associated with cytotoxic T cell function and serve as biomarkers for acute pulmonary embolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- CTLA-4-Ig therapy preserves cardiac function following myocardial infarction with reperfusion.Cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- CAR T-cell therapy in hematologic and solid malignancies: mechanisms, clinical applications, and future directions.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Targeting immune checkpoints in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: toward combination strategies with curative potential.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Moxibustion Regulates the Expression of T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Tim-3/Gal-9 Signaling Pathway.Rejuvenation research · 2025Article
- Proteomic signature of HIV-associated subclinical left atrial remodeling and incident heart failure.Nature communications · 2025Article
- C-reactive protein induced T cell activation is an indirect monocyte-dependent mechanism involving the CD80/CD28 pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota-derived imidazole propionate: an emerging target for the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- The role of immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 in cardiovascular complications leading to heart failure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoints Are New Therapeutic Targets in Regulating Cardio-, and Cerebro-Vascular Diseases and CD4International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology · 2024Article
- Genetic factors in the pathogenesis of cardio-oncology.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Immune checkpoints in cardiac physiology and pathology: therapeutic targets for heart failure.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- The Intriguing World of Vascular Remodeling, Angiogenesis, and Arteriogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Circadian Effects on Vascular Immunopathologies.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Adipsin in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.Vascular pharmacology · 2024Review
- Interaction between NSCLC Cells, CD8Cells · 2024Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of inflammation in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now widely accepted. Immune cells, including T cells, are influenced by inflammatory signals and contribute to the onset and progression of CVD. T cell activation is modulated by T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition pathways. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting T cell inhibition pathways have revolutionized cancer treatment and improved survival in patients with cancer. However, ICIs might induce cardiovascular toxicity via T cell re-invigoration. With the rising use of ICIs for cancer treatment, a timely overview of the role of T cell co-stimulation and inhibition molecules in CVD is desirable. In this Review, the importance of these molecules in the pathogenesis of CVD is highlighted in preclinical studies on models of CVD such as vein graft disease, myocarditis, graft arterial disease, post-ischaemic neovascularization and atherosclerosis. This Review also discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting T cell co-stimulation and inhibition pathways to treat CVD, as well as the possible cardiovascular benefits and adverse events after treatment. Finally, the Review emphasizes that patients with cancer who are treated with ICIs should be monitored for CVD given the reported association between the use of ICIs and the risk of cardiovascular toxicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.