ArticleNature communications2019
Multi-cohort study identifies social determinants of systemic inflammation over the life course.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- The intergenerational effects of low parental socio-economic position on cardiometabolic and inflammatory outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Pooled it
- Current epidemiological overview of glomerulonephritis in Latin America: a systematic literature review.Journal of nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- The Role of Epigenetic Clocks in Explaining Educational Inequalities in Mortality: A Multicohort Study and Meta-analysis.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Patterning of educational attainment across inflammatory markers: Findings from a multi-cohort study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Pooled it
- Adaptive immune responses to vaccination reflect social status at first exposure in female rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sleep deprivation disrupts lacrimal gland homeostasis via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and gut dysbiosis in mice.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Social determinants of health equity for people with pain: from understanding to action.Pain reports · 2026Article
- From exposure to embedding: how interconnected social determinants drive health inequalities-a complex adaptive system dynamics approach.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Multiomics analysis elucidated the role of inflammatory response and bile acid metabolism disturbance in electric shock-induced liver injury in mice.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Article
- Exploring syndemic vulnerability among adolescents living in urban cities in the Netherlands: a latent class analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Neighborhood disadvantage and elevated CD14 gene expression among middle-aged adults: Findings from the Midlife in the United States study.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Ad hoc, post hoc and intrinsic-hoc in bioinformatics.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- Eight decades of follow-up link life course exposures to proteomic organ ageing and longevity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Causal inference in multi-cohort studies using the target trial framework to identify and minimize sources of bias.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Social Determinants of Health and Risk for Long COVID in the U.S. RECOVER-Adult Cohort.Annals of internal medicine · 2025Observational
- Neighborhood deprivation and mortality among people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Ageing Trajectories: Exposome-Driven Pathobiological Mechanisms and Implications for Prevention from Blue Zones and Italian Longevity Hotspots Such as Cilento and Sicilian Mountain Villages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Social disadvantage accelerates aging.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Barriers and strategies for recruitment of pregnant women in contemporary longitudinal birth cohort studies.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Cumulative social disadvantage and its impact on long COVID: insights from a U.S. national survey.BMC medicine · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 12 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been proposed as having a prominent role in the construction of social inequalities in health. Disentangling the effects of early life and adulthood social disadvantage on inflammation is key in elucidating biological mechanisms underlying socioeconomic disparities. Here we explore the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) across the life course and inflammation (as measured by CRP levels) in up to 23,008 participants from six European cohort studies from three countries conducted between 1958 and 2013. We find a consistent inverse association between SEP and CRP across cohorts, where participants with a less advantaged SEP have higher levels of inflammation. Educational attainment is most strongly related to inflammation, after adjusting for health behaviours, body mass index and later-in-life SEP. These findings suggest socioeconomic disadvantage in young adulthood is independently associated with later life inflammation calling for further studies of the pathways operating through educational processes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.