ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Altered neural odometry in the vertical dimension.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Two-Dimensional Grid-Cell Code for Three-Dimensional Navigation in Freely Flying Bats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hippocampal place cells map terrain geometry independently of behavior.Science advances · 2026Article
- Multisensory coding of self-motion and its contribution to navigation.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Spatial periodicity in grid cell firing is explained by a neural sequence code of 2-D trajectories.eLife · 2025Article
- Translational differentiation of vertically displaced surfaces by grid cells.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Unweaving the Cognitive Map: A Personal History.Hippocampus · 2025Review
- The mosaic structure of the mammalian cognitive map.Learning & behavior · 2024Review
- Grid cells: the missing link in understanding Parkinson's disease?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Convergence of location, direction, and theta in the rat anteroventral thalamic nucleus.iScience · 2023Article
- Symmetries and asymmetries in the neural encoding of 3D space.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- How environmental movement constraints shape the neural code for space.Cognitive processing · 2021Review
- Article
- A Plane-Dependent Model of 3D Grid Cells for Representing Both 2D and 3D Spaces Under Various Navigation Modes.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2021Article
- Volumetric spatial behaviour in rats reveals the anisotropic organisation of navigation.Animal cognition · 2021Article
- Vertical-surface navigation in the Neotropical whip spider Paraphrynus laevifrons (Arachnida: Amblypygi).Animal cognition · 2020Article
- Cognitive swarming in complex environments with attractor dynamics and oscillatory computing.Biological cybernetics · 2020Article
- The place-cell representation of volumetric space in rats.Nature communications · 2020Article
- The neural circuitry supporting successful spatial navigation despite variable movement speeds.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Entorhinal grid cells integrate sensory and self-motion inputs to provide a spatial metric of a characteristic scale. One function of this metric may be to help localize the firing fields of hippocampal place cells during formation and use of the hippocampal spatial representation ("cognitive map"). Of theoretical importance is the question of how this metric, and the resulting map, is configured in 3D space. We find here that when the body plane is vertical as rats climb a wall, grid cells produce stable, almost-circular grid-cell firing fields. This contrasts with previous findings when the body was aligned horizontally during vertical exploration, suggesting a role for the body plane in orienting the plane of the grid cell map. However, in the present experiment, the fields on the wall were fewer and larger, suggesting an altered or absent odometric (distance-measuring) process. Several physiological indices of running speed in the entorhinal cortex showed reduced gain, which may explain the enlarged grid pattern. Hippocampal place fields were found to be sparser but unchanged in size/shape. Together, these observations suggest that the orientation and scale of the grid cell map, at least on a surface, are determined by an interaction between egocentric information (the body plane) and allocentric information (the gravity axis). This may be mediated by the different sensory or locomotor information available on a vertical surface and means that the resulting map has different properties on a vertical plane than a horizontal plane (i.e., is anisotropic).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.