ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Inflammation and Depression: A Nervous Plea for Psychiatry to Not Become Immune to Interpretation.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin vs. Placebo in Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- The immunological perspective of major depressive disorder: unveiling the interactions between central and peripheral immune mechanisms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- The Role of Inflammation in Depression and Beyond: A Primer for Clinicians.Current psychiatry reports · 2024Review
- Possible roles of neuropeptide/transmitter and autoantibody modulation in emotional problems and aggression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Cross-trait genome-wide association analysis of C-reactive protein level and psychiatric disorders.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Higher immune-related gene expression in major depression is independent of CRP levels: results from the BIODEP study.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Cytokines in the Brain and Neuroinflammation: We Didn't Starve the Fire!Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- A physiometric investigation of inflammatory composites: Comparison of "a priori" aggregates, empirically-identified factors, and individual proteins.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
- Building a replicable and clinically-impactful immunopsychiatry: Methods, phenotyping, and theory integration.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
- Lost in translation. The quest for definitions of treatment-resistant depression with a focus on inflammation-related gene expression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
- Investigating evidence for a causal association between inflammation and self-harm: A multivariable Mendelian Randomisation study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Article
- Sobriety and Satiety: Is NAD+ the Answer?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Recent Studies on Anti-Depressant Bioactive Substances in Selected Species from the GeneraPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Fatigue, Sleep, and Autoimmune and Related Disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
The possibility that inflammation plays a causal role in major depression is an important claim in the emerging field of immunopsychiatry and has generated hope for new treatments. The aims of the present review are first to provide some historical background and to consider the evidence in favor of the claim that inflammation is causally involved in major depression. The second part discusses some of the possibilities allowed for by the use of broad 'umbrella' concepts, such as inflammation and stress, in terms of proposing new working hypotheses and potential mechanisms. The third part reviews proposed biomarkers of inflammation and depression and the final part addresses how elements discussed in the preceding sections are used in immunopsychiatry. The 'umbrella' concepts of inflammation and stress, as well as insufficiently-met criteria based inferences and reverse inferences are being used to some extent in immunopsychiatry. The field is therefore encouraged to specify concepts and constructs, as well as to consider potential alternative interpretations and explanations for findings obtained. The hope is that pointing out some of the potential problems will allow for a clearer picture of immunopsychiatry's current strengths and limitations and help the field mature.
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Registered trials
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