ArticlePloS one2019
Surveillance of tuberculosis (TB) cases attributable to relapse or reinfection in London, 2002-2015.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of alcohol consumption on relapse outcomes among tuberculosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a review of current methods, databases, softwares, and analytical tools.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Evaluation of a short, all oral treatment regimen including bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, clofazimine, and pyrazinamide named "Regimen C" for pre-XDR tuberculosis in Niger.Frontiers in tuberculosis · 2025Article
- Endogenous reactivation cases identified by whole genome sequencing ofJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2024Article
- Subjacent Disease in an Operated Case of Spinal Tuberculosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2023Article
- Disseminated tuberculosis and diagnosis delay during the COVID-19 era in a Western European country: a case series analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Estimation of the mutation rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cases with recurrent tuberculosis using whole genome sequencing.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay, MTB Culture and Line Probe Assay for the Detection of MDR Tuberculosis in AFB Smear Negative Specimens.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Surveillance Quality Indicators Highlight the Need for Improving Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Monitoring in a Hyperendemic Area of the Brazilian Amazon Region.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Use of DosR and Rpf antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis to screen for latent and relapse tuberculosis infection in a tuberculosis endemic community of Huainan City.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022Article
- Relapse or Re-Infection, the Situation of Recurrent Tuberculosis in Eastern China.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- [Treatment of tuberculosis in craniovertebral junction].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2020Article
- Classifying recurrent Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases in Georgia using MIRU-VNTR typing.PloS one · 2019Article
- Repeated bouts of pulmonary tuberculosis in a hunting cat: reinfection or recrudescence?JFMS open reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recurrence of TB in an individual can occur due to relapse of the same strain or reinfection by a different strain. The contribution of reinfection and relapse to TB incidence, and the factors associated with each are unknown. We aimed to quantify and describe cases attributable to relapse or reinfection, and identify associated risk factors in order to reduce recurrence. We categorised recurrent TB cases from notifications in London (2002-2015) as relapse or reinfection using molecular (MIRU VNTR strain type) and epidemiological information (hierarchical approach using time since notification, site of disease and method of case finding). Factors associated with each outcome were determined using logistic regression in Stata Version 13.1 (2009-2015 only). Of 43,465 TB cases, 1.4% (618) were classified as relapse and 3.8% (1,637) as reinfection. The proportion with relapse decreased from 2002 (2.3%) to 2015 (1.3%), while the proportion of reinfection remained around 4%. Relapse was more common among recent migrants (<1 year, odds ratio (OR) = 1.99, p = 0.005), those with a social risk factor (OR = 1.51, p = 0.033) and those with central nervous system, spinal, miliary or disseminated TB (OR = 1.75, p = 0.001). Reinfection was more common among long term migrants (>11 years, OR = 1.67, p = <0.001), those with a social risk factor (OR = 1.96, p = <0.001) and within specific areas in London. Patients with social risk factors were at increased risk of both relapse and reinfection. Characterising those with relapsed disease highlights patients at risk and factors associated with reinfection suggest groups where transmission is occurring. This will inform TB control programs to target appropriate treatment and interventions in order to reduce the risk of recurrence.
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