ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2019
Prescription Drug Misuse: Sources of Controlled Medications in Adolescents.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review of the use of prescription and non-prescription psychotropic drugs and their relation with mental health in university population.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Health harms of non-medical prescription opioid use: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol review · 2022Pooled it
- A Risk Education Program Decreases Leftover Prescription Opioid Retention: An RCT.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Trial
- Medical Diagnosis, ED Visits, and Hospitalizations for Substance Use in U.S. Children's Hospitals: A Retrospective Multi-Center Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Late adolescent nonmedical prescription stimulant sources and links to young adult nonmedical stimulant use and sources.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Medical Use and Misuse of Addictive Prescription Drugs and Mental Health Among Adolescents in Estonia.Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2026Article
- Prevention and Management of Opioid use Disorder and Overdose in Adolescents and Young Adults.Current psychiatry reports · 2025Review
- US Adolescents' and Young Adults' Sources for Prescription Opioid Misuse: Age, Substance Use, and Mental Health Differences.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2025Article
- Nationwide trends in diagnosed sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use disorders in adolescents and young adults enrolled in Medicaid: 2001-2019.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- The burden of acute pain in the U.S. in the wake of the opioid crisis.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Assessing the prevalence of unused medicines at home and associated factors: a community-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Stimulant Therapy and Prescription Drug Misuse During Transition to Young Adulthood.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Opioid and Non-Opioid Pharmacotherapy Use for Pain Management Among Privately Insured Pediatric Patients With Cancer in the United States.The oncologist · 2024Article
- Prescription Stimulant Medical and Nonmedical Use Among US Secondary School Students, 2005 to 2020.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among Female Adolescents: The Relative Influence of Maternal Factors, Social Norms, and Perceptions of Risk and Availability.Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Prescription Psychotherapeutic Drug Use and Nicotine Use among Young People in the United States.Substance use & misuse · 2023Article
- Associations between prescription and illicit stimulant and opioid use in the United States, 2015-2020.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Article
- Nonmedical use of prescription drugs: A comparison between intoxication-oriented and other nonmedical users.Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2022Article
- Co-ingestion of prescription drugs and alcohol in US adults aged 50 years or older.Human psychopharmacology · 2021Article
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Funding
Abstract
objectiveAdolescent controlled prescription drug misuse (PDM) co-occurs with significant consequences, including lower educational achievement, substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms, and psychopathology. Nonetheless, adolescent PDM sources and the prevalence of other substance use, SUD, and mental health outcomes associated with sources remain poorly understood.
methodData were from the 2009 to 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, including 103,920 adolescents (12-17 years of age). Six mutually exclusive sources were used: physician source only, theft/fake prescription only, friend/relative for free only, purchases only, other source only, or multiple sources. Analyses occurred separately for prescription opioids, stimulants, and tranquilizer/sedatives. PDM source prevalence across adolescents and by sex and school enrollment/engagement were estimated. Adjusted odds of past-year DSM-IV substance-specific SUD, marijuana use, any SUD, major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety diagnosis, mental health treatment, and past-month binge drinking were estimated by source.
resultsFriends/relatives, for free, was the most common source (29.0%-33.2%), followed by physician sources for opioids (23.9%), purchases for stimulants (23.5%), and tranquilizer/sedatives (22.7%). Few school enrollment/engagement differences existed, but female adolescents were more likely to use multiple sources. Over 70% of adolescents using multiple sources had a past-year SUD. Multiple sources, purchases, and theft/fake prescription were more strongly associated with other substance use than physician source use, and multiple source use was linked with MDD.
conclusionAdolescents using multiple sources, purchases and theft/fake prescriptions have elevated rates of other substance use, SUD and MDD and particularly warrant intervention. Also, adolescents with other SUD and MDD should be screened for PDM and misuse sources.
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