ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2019
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, School Performance, and Effect of Medication.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Understanding the association between adverse childhood experiences and subsequent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Brain and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Risks and Benefits of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication on Behavioral and Neuropsychiatric Outcomes: A Qualitative Review of Pharmacoepidemiology Studies Using Linked Prescription Databases.Biological psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of 12-week open- and closed-skill exercises on executive function in children with ADHD and developmental dyslexia: a randomized controlled trial.BMC pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Trial
- A post hoc analysis of the effect of viloxazine extended-release capsules on learning and school problems in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Inflammatory Biomarkers in School-Aged Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Trial
- Pre-adult attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder and later adverse health outcomes: the 1987 Finnish birth cohort study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluation of Oral Health in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Article
- Psychiatric diagnosis on the edge: is there evidence of benefit?European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Developmental origins of ADHD: sex-specific influences of early life unpredictability on symptom profiles.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2026Article
- Exploring adolescents' and parents' experiences of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment in ADHD: a qualitative study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Does the family situation impact academic achievement differently in students with versus without neurodevelopmental disorders?The British journal of educational psychology · 2026Article
- Medication Adherence in Children and Adults Receiving Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Sweden: A Nationwide Study.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Psychostimulant effects on motor and cognitive function in adults attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Academic Outcomes in Primary and Secondary School Students Prescribed Long-Acting Stimulants for ADHD Management.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Prevalence of ADHD Among Saudi Children and Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Pediatric Alopecia Areata: Clinical and Biochemical Findings from a Case - Control Study.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2026Article
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients ≤25 Years of Age: A National Database Study of Prevalence and Outcomes.Ochsner journal · 2026Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIndividuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for poor school performance, and pharmacological treatment of ADHD may have beneficial effects on school performance. Conclusions from previous research have been limited by small sample sizes, outcome measures, and treatment follow-up. The current study analyzed school performance in students with ADHD compared to students without ADHD, and the association between pharmacological treatment of ADHD and school performance.
methodA linkage of Swedish national registers covering 657,720 students graduating from year 9 of compulsory school provided measures of school performance, electronically recorded dispensations of ADHD medication, and potentially confounding background factors such as parental socioeconomic status. Primary measures of school performance included student eligibility to upper secondary school and grade point sum.
resultsADHD was associated with substantially lower school performance independent of socioeconomic background factors. Treatment with ADHD medication for 3 months was positively associated with all primary outcomes, including a decreased risk of no eligibility to upper secondary school, odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76-0.84, and a higher grade point sum (range, 0.0-320.0) of 9.35 points, 95% CI = 7.88-10.82; standardized coefficient = 0.20.
conclusionADHD has a substantial negative impact on school performance, whereas pharmacological treatment for ADHD is associated with higher levels in several measures of school performance. Our findings emphasize the importance of detection and treatment of ADHD at an early stage to reduce the negative impact on school performance.
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