ReviewXenotransplantation2019
A review of pig liver xenotransplantation: Current problems and recent progress.
Review in Xenotransplantation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Graft-derived VWF drives platelet activation and thrombocytopenia during porcine liver xenotransplantation to brain-dead human recipients.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Challenges and perspectives in xenoliver research: lessons from decedent and primate models.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Review
- Engineering hypoimmune stem cell-derived beta cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- The use of transgenic animals for xenotransplantation: An update.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Bioartificial liver: Where lies the path ahead-A review.Hepatology communications · 2025Review
- Revolutionizing medicine: Exploring the breakthroughs in liver xenotransplantation.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Immune cell landscape in a human decedent receiving a pig liver xenograft.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Reshaping transplantation with AI, emerging technologies and xenotransplantation.Nature medicine · 2025Review
- Advanced bioartificial organs: genetically modified pig liver as a promising bridge for human liver failure.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- [Research and application progress for liver xenotransplantation].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Addressing glycan and hematological barriers in pig-to-nonhuman primate liver xenotransplantation: challenges and future directions.Clinical transplantation and research · 2025Review
- Immunometabolism of Liver Xenotransplantation and Prospective Solutions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Genetic engineering drives the breakthrough of pig models in liver disease research.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- Ethics, virtues and xenotransplantation.Perfusion · 2024Review
- Dissecting the immune discrepancies in mouse liver allograft tolerance and heart/kidney allograft rejection.Cell proliferation · 2024Article
- Chimeric Livers: Interspecies Blastocyst Complementation and Xenotransplantation for End-Stage Liver Disease.Hepatic medicine : evidence and research · 2024Review
- A porcine islet-encapsulation device that enables long-term discordant xenotransplantation in immunocompetent diabetic mice.Cell reports methods · 2023Article
- Assessment of different manufacturing techniques for the production of bioartificial scaffolds as soft organ transplant substitutes.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- IL-18BP Improves Early Graft Function and Survival in Lewis-Brown Norway Rat Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Model.Biomolecules · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pig liver xenotransplantation appears to be more perplexing when compared to heart or kidney xenotransplantation, even though great progress has been achieved. The relevant molecular mechanisms involved in xenogeneic rejection, including coagulopathy, and particularly thrombocytopenia, are complex, and need to be systematically investigated. The deletion of expression of Gal antigens in the liver graft highlights the injurious impact of nonGal antigens, which continue to induce humoral rejection. Innate immunity, particularly mediated by macrophages and natural killer cells, interplays with inflammation and coagulation disorders. Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) together mediate leukocyte, erythrocyte, and platelet sequestration and phagocytosis, which can be exacerbated by increased cytokine production, cell desialylation, and interspecies incompatibilities. The coagulation cascade is activated by release of tissue factor which can be dependent or independent of the xenoreactive immune response. Depletion of endothelial anticoagulants and anti-platelet capacity amplify coagulation activation, and interspecies incompatibilities of coagulation-regulatory proteins facilitate dysregulation. LSECs involved in platelet phagocytosis and transcytosis, coupled with hepatocyte-mediated degradation, are responsible for thrombocytopenia. Adaptive immunity could also be problematic in long-term liver graft survival. Currently, relevant evidence and study results of various genetic modifications to the pig donor need to be fully determined, with the aim of identifying the ideal transgene combination for pig liver xenotransplantation. We believe that clinical trials of pig liver xenotransplantation should initially be considered as a bridge to allotransplantation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.