ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2019
Sex differences in mechanisms of arterial stiffness.
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04838249 (Investigation of the Effects of Testosterone and Estrogen on Eating Behavior, Metabolism, Energy Balance and Cardiovascular System in Transsexual Patients Undergoing Cross-sex Hormone Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 185 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of the Effects of Testosterone and Estrogen on Eating Behavior, Metabolism, Energy Balance and Cardiovascular System in Transsexual Patients Undergoing Cross-sex Hormone Therapy
Who cites it
185 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 272 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases among postmenopausal women, 1990-2040: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.Journal of advanced research · 2026Pooled it
- Can resistance training alone or resistance training combined with aerobic training improve arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and other vascular function indicators in adults with hypertension or overweight/obesity-related vascular risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Dose-response associations of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and triglyceride-glucose index with arterial stiffness risk.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Young, Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Long-term egg-protein hydrolysate consumption improves endothelial function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in older adults with overweight or obesity.European journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Impact of Heated Tobacco Products, E-Cigarettes, and Cigarettes on Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Trial
- Association of Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity with Chronic Kidney Disease Risk: A Machine Learning Analysis Based on NHANES and CHARLS.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of aging on neck vasculature and brain biochemistry in female mice.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Sex differences in blood pressure variability during critical illness: a retrospective cohort study.Open heart · 2026Article
- Low-frequency resistance training enhances 2D strain-derived carotid strain and strain rate: a novel longitudinal application of strain imaging in healthy middle-aged females.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in vascular function among individuals with heart failure: a systematic review.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2026Review
- The acute and chronic effects of local aerobic exercise on cardiovascular physiology.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in cardiovascular‑kidney‑metabolic syndrome: From pathogenesis to treatment response (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Vascular Immune Remodeling: A CD4Aging cell · 2026Article
- Discriminating Breast Cancer Patients by Spectral Analysis of Arterial Pulse Waveforms.Cardiovascular engineering and technology · 2026Article
- Estimating Vascular Age to Evaluate the Association Between Aging and Cardiovascular Disease.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Applying the Target Study Conceptual Model to Measure Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hypertension Treatment Intensification.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Associations Between the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Arterial Stiffness Estimated by Pulse Wave Velocity Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Association of cardiovascular risks and carotid stiffening at ultrafast ultrasound imaging in young populations.European radiology · 2026Article
- Association Between Increased Central and Peripheral Arterial 2 Stiffness and Vitamin Intake in Healthy Adults: EVA Follow-Up 3 Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
125 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Arterial stiffness progressively increases with aging and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Evidence supports that there are sex differences in the time course of aging-related arterial stiffness and the associated CVD risk, which increases disproportionately in postmenopausal women. The association between arterial stiffness and mortality is almost twofold higher in women versus men. The differential clinical characteristics of the development of arterial stiffness between men and women indicate the involvement of sex-specific mechanisms. This review summarizes the current literature on sex differences in vascular stiffness induced by aging, obesity, hypertension, and sex-specific risk factors as well as the impact of hormonal status, diet, and exercise on vascular stiffness in males and females. An understanding of the mechanisms driving sex differences in vascular stiffness has the potential to identify novel sex-specific therapies to lessen CVD risk, the leading cause of death in males and females. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.