ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019
Multidrug-resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella Hotspots as Targets for Vaccine Use in Management of Infections in Endemic Settings.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and distribution of non-typhoidalEpidemiology and infection · 2023Pooled it
- Complications and mortality of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review on antimicrobial resistance and treatment.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Detection and Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serotypes by Simple PCR Technologies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Fecal Bacteria Pathogens in an Informal Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, 2018 to 2020.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Development of a GMMA-based candidate vaccine against invasive nontyphoidalFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages with lytic activity against multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella from Nairobi City county, Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella transmission reservoirs in Sub-Saharan Africa: a genomic assessment from a one health perspective.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Shigellosis in an Urban Slum in Kenya: Risk Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of iNTS vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Environmental persistence of nontyphoidal Salmonella in an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya.PloS one · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation in rarely reportedFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Shedding of nontyphoidalJournal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Salmonella Typhi genotypic diversity, cluster identification and antimicrobial resistance determinants in Mukuru settlement, Nairobi Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Typhoidal salmonella disease in Mukuru informal settlement, Nairobi Kenya; carriage, diversity, and antimicrobial resistant genes.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association of Sickle Cell Disease, Malaria and HIV in Multi Drug Resistant Invasive Non-typhoidalEast Africa science · 2024Article
- NontyphoidalOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Intestinal carriage of invasive non-typhoidalFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Invasive non-typhoidalFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSalmonella infections cause a disproportionately high number of deaths in Africa, especially among poor urban populations. The increasing level of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections is a major cause of concern in these settings where alternative effective treatment is unavailable. Other options for management of these infections must be sought. The knowledge of hotspots in endemic settings can help to prioritize management and control measures in Kenya and the region.
methodsUsing blood cultures, we investigated children presenting with fever of unknown origin for Salmonella infections. We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing to further characterize Salmonella isolates. Using Global Positioning System technologies, we mapped Salmonella isolates to households of patients in the study site and determined risk factors associated with high concentration of cases in particular sites.
resultsA total of 281 Salmonella species (149 from blood and 132 from fecal samples) from febrile children <5 years of age were studied. These consisted of 85 Salmonella Typhimurium, 58 Salmonella Enteritidis, 32 other nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) serotypes, and 126 Salmonella Typhi. The prevalence of MDR invasive NTS (iNTS) was 77.2%, with 15% resistant to ceftriaxone, a drug that is last-line treatment for iNTS and other severe gram-negative infections in Kenya. Invasive NTS and S. Typhi together mapped around common water vending points and close to sewer convergence points in the highly populated village.
conclusionsThese hotspots could be targeted for management and control strategies, including a combined introduction of typhoid and iNTS vaccines, aimed at reducing transmission in these endemic settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.