ArticleJournal of ophthalmology2019
The Effects of Diabetic Duration on Lacrimal Functional Unit in Patients with Type II Diabetes.
Article in Journal of ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Tear function in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- The Interaction of Diabetes Duration and Tear Film Osmolarity in the Estimation of Tear Film Instability: A Cross-Sectional Study of 60 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of Fasting Plasma Glucose on Electrolyte Imbalance, Lipid Profile, and Associated Health Complications in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Bangladesh.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Diabetic impact on the neuroaxis: from peripheral neuropathy to central neurodegeneration.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Tear Film Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tear proteomics reveals expressed proteins and potential pathways associated with diabetic keratopathy.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Electroacupuncture regulates the P2XPurinergic signalling · 2025Article
- The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on lid wiper epitheliopathy and ocular surface parameters.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Tear film layers and meibomian gland assessment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a noninvasive ocular surface analyzer: a cross-sectional case-control study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Improving Visual Comfort during Computer Gaming with Preservative-Free Hyaluronic Acid Artificial Tears Added to Ergophthalmological Measures.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease and Associated Factors Among Adult Diabetic Patients in Adare General Hospital, Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia, 2023.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Beyond dry eye: how co-morbidities influence disease phenotype in dry eye disease.Clinical & experimental optometry · 2022Review
- Alterations of Ocular Surface Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Article
- Ocular surface disorder among adult patients with type II diabetes mellitus and its correlation with tear film markers: A pilot study.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo observe ocular surface changes in Type II diabetic patients with different disease durations and to understand the correlations between clinical parameters and diabetic durations.
methodsIn this cross-sectional, prospective study, 51 healthy controls and 91 patients with Type II diabetes were enrolled. The diabetics were divided into 3 subgroups according to the disease duration, including duration <10 y group, 10 to 20 y group, and ≥21 y group. All subjects underwent clinical ocular examinations, including lipid layer thickness (LLT), blinking rate, tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear film break-up time (NI-BUT), meibography, superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) scoring, corneal sensitivity, and Schirmer I test. They were also evaluated using the standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) questionnaire.
resultsSPEED score, meiboscore, SPK score, LLT, Schirmer I test, and corneal sensitivity differed significantly between the diabetic and healthy control groups. Further, SPEED score, Schirmer I test, corneal sensitivity, meiboscore, and blink rate significantly differed among the 3 diabetic subgroups and the control group. In diabetics, the SPEED score correlated with the SPK score, blink rate, TMH, and LLT; NI-BUT with TMH, LLT, and blink rate; TMH with the SPK score; Schirmer I test with the SPK score; and corneal sensitivity with the meiboscore. More importantly, the Schirmer I test, corneal sensitivity, and SPEED score negatively correlated with diabetic duration.
conclusionDiabetic duration is an important factor that affects functions of the lacrimal functional unit in patients with Type II diabetes. The trends of changes in the ocular parameters vary along the course of diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.