ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Overcoming Resistance to Combination Radiation-Immunotherapy: A Focus on Contributing Pathways Within the Tumor Microenvironment.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy in limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of several adjuvant therapies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with high-risk factors for recurrence after hepatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Bacteria-based immunotherapy for cancer: a systematic review of preclinical studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Randomized Phase II Trial of Nivolumab With Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Versus Nivolumab Alone in Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2021Trial
- Association of Aspirin Use with In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Radiation-Associated Acute Pneumonitis: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample Database.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Losartan Enhances Radiosensitivity by Reversing Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment Induced by Radiotherapy in TNBC.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Radiotherapy synergizes with CD24 blockade to initiate macrophage-driven systemic antitumor immunity in non-small cell lung cancer.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- Radiation as an immune modulator: mechanisms and implications for combination with immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Reprogramming the tumor immune microenvironment in cervical cancer: synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Characteristics and developmental trajectory of clinical trials focused on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for cancer treatment.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Immune remodeling during cervical cancer chemoradiotherapy: temporal biomarkers and the timing of checkpoint blockade.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The tumor microenvironment as a key regulator of radiotherapy response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Boron neutron capture therapy combined with immunotherapy: insights from radiotherapy, BNCT-specific evidence, and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dynamic Evolution of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Malignant Tumors and Emerging Therapeutic Paradigms.MedComm · 2025Review
- Clinical Parameters Associated With Intracranial Progression Burden Following an Initial Stereotactic Radiosurgery Course in a Multi-institutional Brain Metastases Cohort.Advances in radiation oncology · 2025Article
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: Insights Into Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Implications.MedComm · 2025Review
- Pan-cancer analysis of oncogenic role of MAGOH and experiment validation in hepatocellular carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Multi-Omics Pan-Cancer Profiling ofBiology · 2025Article
- Nanoassemblies loaded with low-dose paclitaxel can enhance the response of lung cancer immunotherapy by activating dendritic cells.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Radiation therapy has been used for many years to treat tumors based on its DNA-damage-mediated ability to kill cells. More recently, RT has been shown to exert beneficial modulatory effects on immune responses, such as triggering immunogenic cell death, enhancing antigen presentation, and activating cytotoxic T cells. Consequently, combining radiation therapy with immunotherapy represents an important area of research. Thus far, immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) have been the focus of many research studies and clinical trials. The available data suggest that such immunotherapies are enhanced when combined with radiation therapy. However, treatment resistance, intrinsic or acquired, is still prevalent. Various theories as to how to enhance these combination therapies to overcome treatment resistance have been proposed. In this review, we focus on the principles surrounding radiation therapy's positive and negative effects on the tumor microenvironment. We explore mechanisms underlying radiation therapy's synergistic and antagonistic effects on immune responses and provide a base of knowledge for radio-immunology combination therapies to overcome treatment resistance. We provide evidence for targeting regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts in combination radio-immunotherapies to improve cancer treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.