ArticleJournal of neurosciences in rural practice
Geographical Disparity and Traumatic Brain Injury in America: Rural Areas Suffer Poorer Outcomes.
Article in Journal of neurosciences in rural practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Traumatic brain injury among American indians/alaska natives in the united states: a comprehensive systematic review of the literature.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Relationships between trauma death, disability, and geographic factors: a systematic review.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Review
- Rural-Urban Parity and Socioeconomic Gaps in Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Substance Use and Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence from a Rural Trauma Center.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Observational
- Outlining the global variation in resources for traumatic brain injury care: site-level data from the Global Neurotrauma Outcomes Study (GNOS).BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Lead times in the early management of traumatic brain injury: relation to geographic conditions and clinical outcomes in a nationwide Swedish registry study.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Observational
- Article
- Trends and Disparities in Fall-Related Head Injury Mortality Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults (>55 Years) in the United States: A 21-Year National Analysis (1999-2020).Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Association of injury-related mortality with unique domains of social determinants of health across the urban-rural continuum.Surgery · 2025Article
- Mortality Trends and Disparities in Cerebrovascular Disease Among Diabetic Population in the United States From 1999 to 2020: A CDC WONDER Analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- Navigating Limitations and Clinical Challenges in Indonesian Tertiary Trauma Center for Penetrating Brain Injury: A Case Report and Literature Review.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2025Article
- Review
- Mortality trends of traumatic brain injuries in the adult population of the United States: a CDC WONDER analysis from 1999 to 2020.BMC public health · 2025Article
- An analysis of disparities in imaging for suspected traumatic brain injury among patient visits to emergency departments (2010-2021).Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Incidence and Current Status of Acute Management of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Korea: A National Population-Based Study of 2016-2018.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle targeting strategies for traumatic brain injury.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Review
- The Current Update of Conventional and Innovative Treatment Strategies for Central Nervous System Injury.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Building capacity for ATLS trauma education: role of nurse practitioners and physician assistants.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2024Article
- [Prehospital care of pediatric traumatic brain injury].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSignificant heterogeneity exists in traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. In the United States, TBI remains a primary driver of injury-related mortality and morbidity. Prior work has suggested that disparity exists in rural areas; our objective was to evaluate potential differences in TBI mortality across urban and rural areas on a national scale.
methodsAge-adjusted TBI fatality rates were obtained at the county level across the U.S. from 2008 to 2014. To evaluate geography, urban influence codes (UIC) were also obtained at the county level. UIC codes range from 1 (most urban) to 12 (most rural). Metropolitan counties are defined as those with an UIC ≤2, while nonmetropolitan counties are defined as an UIC ≥3. County-level fatality rates and UIC classification were geospatially mapped. Linear regression was used to evaluate the change in TBI fatality rate at each category of UIC. The median TBI fatality rate was also compared between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties.
resultsGeospatial analysis demonstrated higher fatality rates distributed among nonmetropolitan counties across the United States. The TBI fatality rate was 13.00 deaths per 100,000 persons higher in the most rural UIC category compared to the most urban UIC category (95% confidence interval 12.15, 13.86;
conclusionsTBI fatality rates are higher in rural areas of the United States. Additional studies to evaluate the mechanisms and solutions to this disparity are warranted and may have implications for lower-and middle-income countries.
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