ArticleScientific reports2019
The intrepid urban coyote: a comparison of bold and exploratory behavior in coyotes from urban and rural environments.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urbanization and migratory status shape nonbreeding space use behaviors in a North American songbird.Movement ecology · 2026Article
- Wildlife responses to nonmotorized recreation in the Southern Canadian Rockies: a multiscale analysis near Fernie, BC.Journal of mammalogy · 2026Article
- Article
- Coyotes Choose Cover Over Concrete When Selecting Den Sites.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Anthropogenic Infrastructures Shape Brown Bear Movements in Human-Modified Landscapes.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Wolves respond differently to human cues as they expand into urban landscapes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- An integrated social-ecological-evolutionary-phenotypic (SEEP) approach to understanding animal responses to urbanization.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Coyote family activity in a landscape of fear.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Large-scale experimental assessment of coyote behavior across urban and rural landscapes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Coexisting With Humans: Genomic and Behavioral Consequences in a Small and Isolated Bear Population.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Potential Tool Use by Wolves (Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Differential effects of human density, environmental health, and group size on urban coyote detection, boldness, and exploration.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Urban coyote spatiotemporal overlap with humans is associated with environmental characteristics not human sociodemographics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Describing Diet of Imperiled Sierra Nevada Red Foxes and a Carnivoran Competitor Using DNA Metabarcoding.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Coyote (Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Variation in defensive and exploratory behaviors across a rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus × viridis) hybrid zone in Southwestern new Mexico.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Morphological and Genetic Assessments of Coyote Diet in Qualla Boundary, North Carolina, Show Interaction with Humans.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Environmental Health and Societal Wealth Predict Movement Patterns of an Urban Carnivore.Ecology letters · 2025Article
- Adaptation in the Alleyways: Candidate Genes Under Potential Selection in Urban Coyotes.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Maternal behaviors influence survival of ungulate neonates under heavy predation risk.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coyotes (Canis latrans) are highly adaptable, medium-sized carnivores that now inhabit nearly every large city in the United States and Canada. To help understand how coyotes have adapted to living in urban environments, we compared two ecologically and evolutionarily important behavioral traits (i.e., bold-shy and exploration-avoidance behavior) in two contrasting environments (i.e., rural and urban). Boldness is an individual's reaction to a risky situation and exploration is an individual's willingness to explore novel situations. Our results from both tests indicate that urban coyotes are bolder and more exploratory than rural coyotes and that within both populations there are individuals that vary across both spectrums. Bolder behavior in urban coyotes emerged over several decades and we speculate on possible processes (e.g., learning and selection) and site differences that could be playing a role in this behavioral adaptation. We hypothesize that an important factor is how people treat coyotes; in the rural area coyotes were regularly persecuted whereas in the urban area coyotes were rarely persecuted and sometimes positively rewarded to be in close proximity of people. Negative consequences of this behavioral adaptation are coyotes that become bold enough to occasionally prey on pets or attack humans.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.