ArticleBMC medicine2019
The Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework: a global, crosscutting framework to inform research, intervention development, and policy on health-related stigmas.
Article in BMC medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06348238 (Strategies to Improve Well-Being and Diabetes Management), which is not on this map. Cited by 821 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Strategies to Improve Well-Being and Diabetes Management
Who cites it
821 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Factors Influencing the Initiation and Continued Engagement of Digital Mental Health Tools Among Adults: Theory of Planned Behavior-Informed Systematic Review.JMIR mental health · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review of instruments for measuring sex and gender attributes: assessment of measurement properties and utility in research on clinical and functional outcomes.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of stigma reduction interventions and outbreak response adaptations in infectious disease outbreaks: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- People Living with HIV Experiences from Peer Support: A Meta-Synthesis.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2026Pooled it
- Global Systematic Review of the Measurement of Stigma Associated With People Living With Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Viruses.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Pooled it
- A Review of Medical Mistrust Across the Cancer Continuum of Care and Current Interventions.Journal of community health · 2025Pooled it
- Social Media Messaging to Reduce HIV-Related Stigma Among Young Adults in Peru: A Randomized Controlled Study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Trial
- Prison-based HIV partner notification in Indonesia: rationale and design of a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- AEGIDA: Results of a Pilot Randomized Trial of an HIV Self-Testing Intervention for Women Who Exchange Sex and Use Substances in Kazakhstan.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- Spiritual interventions and self-stigma in the family of person who use drugs: a clinical trial study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Pilot randomized controlled trial to reduce HIV-related stigma among clinicians in Malaysia via project ECHO®.AIDS care · 2025Trial
- Quality of life, stigma, and mental health, in individuals affected by leprosy: a cross-sectional study.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2026Article
- HIV, mpox, and stigma in West Africa - a case for integrated person-centred syndemic management.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Stigma and Depression Among People Living With HIV and Food Insecurity in the Dominican Republic.Community health equity research & policy · 2026Article
- What We Do Matters: A Documentary Style Video to Address Healthcare Stigma Toward People Who Use Substances.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Gestational diabetes mellitus and disordered eating behaviours: A qualitative study of online forum discussions.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Article
- Harnessing Social Media, Influencers, and Community Engagement to Confront HIV-Related Stigma in Peru: Longitudinal Descriptive Study of the DiME Campaign.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Unmet Pet Caregiving Needs are Associated with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among People Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Fidelity of an Online Telecoaching Community-Based Exercise Intervention Among Adults Living With HIV in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Observational Longitudinal Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2026Article
761 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Stigma is a well-documented barrier to health seeking behavior, engagement in care and adherence to treatment across a range of health conditions globally. In order to halt the stigmatization process and mitigate the harmful consequences of health-related stigma (i.e. stigma associated with health conditions), it is critical to have an explicit theoretical framework to guide intervention development, measurement, research, and policy. Existing stigma frameworks typically focus on one health condition in isolation and often concentrate on the psychological pathways occurring among individuals. This tendency has encouraged a siloed approach to research on health-related stigmas, focusing on individuals, impeding both comparisons across stigmatized conditions and research on innovations to reduce health-related stigma and improve health outcomes. We propose the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework, which is a global, crosscutting framework based on theory, research, and practice, and demonstrate its application to a range of health conditions, including leprosy, epilepsy, mental health, cancer, HIV, and obesity/overweight. We also discuss how stigma related to race, gender, sexual orientation, class, and occupation intersects with health-related stigmas, and examine how the framework can be used to enhance research, programming, and policy efforts. Research and interventions inspired by a common framework will enable the field to identify similarities and differences in stigma processes across diseases and will amplify our collective ability to respond effectively and at-scale to a major driver of poor health outcomes globally.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.