ArticleBMC veterinary research2019
Comparison of individual, group and environmental sampling strategies to conduct influenza surveillance in pigs.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of New, Enhanced Surveillance Systems and Methodologies for Zoonotic Influenza Viruses in Animals and Human-Animal Interface.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Detecting swine influenza A virus during fattening and at slaughter: implications for monitoring strategies in fattening herds.Porcine health management · 2026Article
- Litter-Level Agreement of RT-qPCR Results for Influenza A Virus Between Oropharyngeal Swab, Udder Wipe, and Nasal Wipe Samples Collected in Chilean Swine Breeding Herds.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Dairy Sites with Milk Exposure Are Most Likely to Have Detection of Influenza A Virus.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Swine Influenza Virus Introduction in Pig Farms: A Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment in Northern Italy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Effect of temperature, relative humidity, and time on the detection of swine RNA viruses (PRRSV, PEDV, IAV) inoculated onto filter papers.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic performance of ELISA kits and expanded antigen panels for hemagglutination inhibition assays in pig herds enzootically infected with porcine Influenza A viruses.Porcine health management · 2025Article
- Environmental and Serological Monitoring of Porcine Circovirus by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification in Pig Farms.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Active surveillance for influenza A virus in swine reveals within-farm reassortment and cocirculation of distinct subtypes and genetic clades.Veterinary microbiology · 2025Article
- Dairy Environments with Milk Exposure are Most Likely to Have Detection of Influenza A Virus.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Porcine Sample Type Characteristics Associated with Sequencing and Isolation of Influenza A Virus.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Effect of Time and Temperature on the Detection of PRRSV RNA and Endogenous Internal Sample Control in Porcine Tongue Fluids.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Macroepidemiological trends of Influenza A virus detection through reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-rtPCR) in porcine samples in the United States over the last 20 years.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Emerging threats of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in swine: knowledge gaps and the imperative for a One Health approach.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Article
- Effect of stabilizers on the detection of swine influenza A virus (swIAV) in spiked oral fluids over time.Porcine health management · 2024Article
- Dynamic of swine influenza virus infection in weaned piglets in five enzootically infected herds in Germany, a cohort study.Porcine health management · 2024Article
- Assessment of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) farm surface contamination through environmental sampling.Porcine health management · 2024Article
- Influenza surveillance in pigs: balancing act between broad diagnostic coverage and specific virus characterization.Porcine health management · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza A virus (IAV) is an important pathogen in pigs that affects productivity and has important public health implications because of its zoonotic nature. Surveillance is central to the control of influenza, however, detection of IAV infections can be challenging in endemically infected herds with low prevalence of infection.
methodsIn groups of suckling (18-21 days of age) and growing (35-45 days of age) pigs, we compared various sampling approaches to detect, isolate and sequence IAV using individual (nasal swabs, nasal wipes and oropharyngeal swabs), group (oral fluids, surface wipes and sow udder skin wipes) and environmental (airborne particles deposited on surfaces and air samples) sampling approaches. All samples were tested by IAV rRT-PCR and a subset was used for virus isolation and direct sequencing.
resultsIn general, environmental and group samples resulted in higher odd ratios (range = 3.87-16.5, p-value < 0.05) of detecting a positive sample by rRT-PCR compared to individual pooled samples, except for oropharyngeal swabs (OR = 8.07, p-value < 0.05). In contrast, individual samples were most likely to yield a viral isolate by cell culture. Oropharyngeal swabs in suckling pigs (78.4%), and nasal swabs (47.6%) or nasal wipes (45%) in growing pigs, and udder wipes in lactating sows (75%) were the preferred samples to obtain an isolate.
conclusionsOur findings indicate that group and environmental sampling strategies should be considered in influenza surveillance programs in particular if the goal is just to detect infection. This study provides new information on sampling approaches to conduct effective influenza surveillance in pigs and identifies udder wipes from lactating sows as a novel sample type that offers a convenient, cheap and sensitive manner to monitor IAV in litters prior to weaning.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.