Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30764780›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2019

Evidence of sustained reductions in the relative risk of acute hepatitis B and C virus infections, and the increasing burden of hepatitis a virus infection in Egypt: comparison of sentinel acute viral hepatitis surveillance results, 2001-17.

Maha Talaat, Salma Afifi, Erik J Reaves, Hanaa Abu Elsood, Amany El-Gohary, Samir Refaey, Radi Hammad, Mostafa Abdel Fadeel, Amr Kandeel

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Maha TalaatDivision of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cairo, Egypt.
Salma AfifiDivision of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cairo, Egypt. afifisalma1@gmail.com.
Erik J ReavesDivision of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cairo, Egypt.
Hanaa Abu ElsoodMinistry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt.
Amany El-GoharyMinistry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt.
Samir RefaeyMinistry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt.
Radi HammadMinistry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt.
Mostafa Abdel FadeelU.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt.
Amr KandeelMinistry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt.
Ministry of Health and Population · EGUnited States Naval Medical Research Unit III · EG

Funding

Center for Global Health work unit number E1025United States Agency for International Development work unit number E1025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEgypt ranks fifth for the burden of viral hepatitis worldwide. As part of Egypt's renewed national strategy for the elimination of viral hepatitis, surveillance for acute viral hepatitis (AVH) was re-established during 2014-2017 to describe the current epidemiology and associated risk factors, and changes from surveillance conducted during 2001-2004.

methodsPatients with suspected AVH were enrolled, completed a questionnaire, and provided blood for testing for hepatitis viruses A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D, and E (HEV) infections by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Odds ratios and Chi

resultsBetween 2014 and 2017, among 9321 patients enrolled, 8362 (89.7%) had one or more markers of AVH including 7806 (93.4%) HAV, 252 (3.0%) HCV, 238 (2.8%) HBV, and 31 (0.4%) HEV infection. HAV infection occurred most commonly among children < 16 years age, while HBV infection occurred among ages 16-35 years and HCV infection in ages greater than 45 years. Healthcare-associated exposures were significantly associated with HBV and HCV infections compared to HAV infection including receiving therapeutic injections, surgery, wound suture, or urinary catheter and IV line insertions, while significant lifestyle exposures included exposure to blood outside the healthcare system, IV drug use, or incarceration. Exposures significantly associated with HAV infection were attending nursery or pre-school, contact with person attending nursery or pre-school, having meals outside the home, or contact with HAV case. Compared with AVH surveillance during 2001-2004, there was a significant increase in the proportion of HAV infections from 40.2 to 89.7% (RR = 2.3) with corresponding reductions in the proportions of HBV and HCV infections from 30.0 to 2.8% (RR = 0.1) and 29.8 to 3.0% (RR = 0.1), respectively.

conclusionsHealthcare-associated exposures were significantly association with and remain the greatest risk for HBV and HCV infections in Egypt. Additional studies to evaluate factors associated with the reductions in HBV and HCV infections, and cost effectiveness of routine HAV immunization might help Egypt guide and evaluate control measures.

Indexed as

Sentinel SurveillanceAcute DiseaseAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolEgyptFemaleHepatitis AHepatitis BHepatitis CHepatitis, Viral, HumanHumansInfantEgyptHepatitis aHepatitis BHepatitis CViral hepatitis

Identifiers

PMID30764780
PMCPMC6376689
OpenAlexW2947960435

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.