Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2019
Racial/Ethnic Differences in 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Postmenopausal Women.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 83 000 Individuals in 21 Randomized Clinical Trials: A Meta-analysis.JAMA cardiology · 2019Pooled it
- Vitamin D Status, Adiposity, and Insulin Resistance among U.S. Non-Hispanic Black Women: a Complex-Survey Analysis of NHANES 2011-2018.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Glucose regulation and association with Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone - differences across Middle Eastern and Caucasian ethnicities.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Vitamin D and risk of hypertension among Black women.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Article
- Combined associations of 25-hydroxivitamin D and parathyroid hormone with diabetes risk and associated comorbidities among U.S. white and black women.Nutrition & diabetes · 2021Article
- Race-specific associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone with cardiometabolic biomarkers among US white and black postmenopausal women.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Observational
- The combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of the occurrence of small vessel disease in China.BMC neurology · 2019Article
- Racial/Ethnic Differences in 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Postmenopausal Women.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that racial/ethnic differences in circulating levels of free or bioavailable 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[ OH ]D) rather than total 25( OH )D may explain apparent racial disparities in cardiovascular disease ( CVD ). We prospectively examined black-white differences in the associations of total, free, and bioavailable 25( OH )D, vitamin D-binding protein, and parathyroid hormone levels at baseline with incident CVD (including nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and CVD death) in postmenopausal women. Methods and Results We conducted a case-cohort study among 79 705 postmenopausal women, aged 50 to 79 years, who were free of CVD at baseline in the WHI-OS (Women's Health Initiative Observational Study). A subcohort of 1300 black and 1500 white participants were randomly chosen as controls; a total of 550 black and 1500 white women who developed incident CVD during a mean follow-up of 11 years were chosen as cases. We directly measured total 25( OH )D, vitamin D-binding protein, albumin, parathyroid hormone, and calculated free and bioavailable 25( OH )D. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine their associations with CVD risk. Although vitamin D-binding protein and total, free, and bioavailable 25( OH )D were not significantly associated with CVD risk in black or white women, a significant positive association between parathyroid hormone and CVD risk persisted in white women (hazard ratio comparing the highest quartile with the lowest, 1.37; 95% CI , 1.06-1.77) but not in black women (hazard ratio comparing the highest quartile with the lowest, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.79-1.58), independent of total, free, and bioavailable 25( OH )D or vitamin D-binding protein. Conclusions Circulating levels of vitamin D biomarkers are not related to CVD risk in either white or black women. Higher parathyroid hormone levels may be an independent risk factor for CVD in white women.
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Registered trials
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