ArticleCell host & microbe2019
Expansion of Bacteriophages Is Linked to Aggravated Intestinal Inflammation and Colitis.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 368 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
368 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 584 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacteriophage-mediated gut microbiota regulation: a bibliometric landscape analysis (2005-2024).Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Engrafting gut bacteriophages have potential to modulate microbial metabolism in fecal microbiota transplantation.Microbiome · 2025Pooled it
- The phageome of patients with ulcerative colitis treated with donor fecal microbiota reveals markers associated with disease remission.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Phage-microbe dynamics after sterile faecal filtrate transplantation in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing efficacy and safety.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- Review
- Neglected kingdoms: the gut virome, mycobiome and their role in inflammatory bowel disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome-enteric virus interactions: mechanisms, clinical implications, and translational directions.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Cervicovaginal Virome Restructuring Associated with HPV Status, Bacterial Dysbiosis, and Cervical Cytological Abnormalities.Viruses · 2026Article
- Approaching the post-antibiotic era: phage therapy current practices and future horizons.mBio · 2026Review
- Beyond oncogenesis: the unexplored benefits of viruses in cancer immunity.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Antibodies targeting phage fiber and nozzle proteins impair Acinetobacter baumannii phage therapy by blocking infection and promoting immune clearance.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal dynamics of the maternal gut virome associate with metabolic features of preterm birth.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Strong mucosal adhesion enhances the anti-infective effectiveness of T4-like phages.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Optimizing methods for virome analysis based on studies of a synthetic viral community.mSystems · 2026Article
- Biosynthesis of glycosylated 5-hydroxycytosine in the DNA of diverse viruses.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- The mycobiome, virome and archaeome in gastrointestinal cancers: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Immune Responses to Phage Therapy in Humans: A Review.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Phage Therapy: Targeting the Gut Microbiota for the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
- The Human Virome in Infectious Diseases: Insights from Chronic and Acute Infections Across Body Sites-A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
308 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteriophages are the most abundant members of the microbiota and have the potential to shape gut bacterial communities. Changes to bacteriophage composition are associated with disease, but how phages impact mammalian health remains unclear. We noted an induction of host immunity when experimentally treating bacterially driven cancer, leading us to test whether bacteriophages alter immune responses. Treating germ-free mice with bacteriophages leads to immune cell expansion in the gut. Lactobacillus, Escherichia, and Bacteroides bacteriophages and phage DNA stimulated IFN-γ via the nucleotide-sensing receptor TLR9. The resultant immune responses were both phage and bacteria specific. Additionally, increasing bacteriophage levels exacerbated colitis via TLR9 and IFN-γ. Similarly, ulcerative colitis (UC) patients responsive to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have reduced phages compared to non-responders, and mucosal IFN-γ positively correlates with bacteriophage levels. Bacteriophages from active UC patients induced more IFN-γ compared to healthy individuals. Collectively, these results indicate that bacteriophages can alter mucosal immunity to impact mammalian health.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.