ArticlePloS one2019
Racial and ethnic disparities in medication adherence among privately insured patients in the United States.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adherence to antihypertensives in the United States: A comparative meta-analysis of 23 million patients.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Completion and Compliance Rates for an Intensive mHealth Study Design to Promote Self-Awareness and Self-Care Among Care Partners of Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Trial
- Studying the Digital Intervention Engagement-Mediated Relationship Between Intrapersonal Measures and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adherence in Sexual and Gender Minority Youth: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Impact of medication nonadherence and drug-drug interaction testing on the management of primary care patients with polypharmacy: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- Analysis of Therapeutic Inertia and Race and Ethnicity in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- A successful intervention to improve medication adherence in Black patients with hypertension: Mediation analysis of 28-site TEAM trial.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhATrial
- Racial and Ethnic Patterns in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Low-Income Adults in West Texas.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Antihypertensive medication adherence and associated risk factors among adults with hypertension: a cross-sectional study in a teaching hospital, Ghana.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic, demographic, and medication class determinants of medication adherence: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic differences in discontinuation of high-risk medications: a retrospective cohort study.npj aging · 2025Article
- Examining Sociodemographic Differences in the Management of Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis by Ear, Nose, and Throat Providers and Vestibular Rehabilitation Outcomes.American journal of audiology · 2025Article
- Differences in GLP-1 RA medication adherence across place-based variables in patients with diabetes living in Wisconsin.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- The Role of Religiosity on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Non-adherence to Antihypertensive Medications.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Psychiatric Medication Adherence in the United States Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Health Systems and Self-Reported Medication Adherence in Patients with Hypertension: A cross-sectional comparison of Jamaica and Colombia.Research square · 2025Article
- Article
- Racial and urban-rural disparities in lung cancer care: Insight from a Latent Class Growth Analysis.Journal of cancer policy · 2025Article
- Understanding contraceptive switching rationales from real world clinical notes using large language models.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of a Polypill for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in an Underserved Population.JAMA cardiology · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and racial and ethnic disparities in medication adherence for three widely prescribed therapeutic classes.
methodsWe linked longitudinal claims data from a large US-based insurance provider (2011-2013) to detailed SES information to identify patients treated with oral antidiabetic (N = 56,720), antihypertensive (N = 156,468) or antihyperlipidemic (N = 144,673) medications. We measured adherence and discontinuation by therapeutic class, and conducted regression analysis to quantify the contributions of different factors in the association between race/ethnicity and medication adherence.
resultsDuring an average follow-up period of 2.5 years, average adherence rates of Blacks and Hispanics were at least 7.5 percentage points lower than those of Whites. Controlling for demographics, health status, out-of-pocket costs, convenience of refilling prescriptions and SES attenuated the association by 30 to 50 percent, nonetheless substantial racial disparities persisted (4.1-5.8 percentage points), particularly for asymptomatic conditions. Separating adherence among existing users from those that discontinued therapies indicates that racial/ethnic disparities in adherence reflect inconsistent pill-taking rather than differential rates of discontinuation.
conclusionsRacial/ethnic disparities in adherence are mitigated, but persist after controlling for detailed socioeconomic measures. Interventions should focus more on improving medication adherence of existing users, particularly in treating asymptomatic conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.