Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2019
Decolonization to Reduce Postdischarge Infection Risk among MRSA Carriers.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01209234 (Project CLEAR - Changing Lives by Eradicating Antibiotic Resistance), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
81citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
12.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Project CLEAR - Changing Lives by Eradicating Antibiotic Resistance
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevention in adults of transmission of infection with multidrug-resistant organisms: an updated systematic review from Making Healthcare Safer IV.BMJ quality & safety · 2025Pooled it
- A Double-blind Randomized Trial of Oral Chlorhexidine Gluconate for Treatment of OralOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Chlorhexidine vs Routine Foot Washing to Prevent Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Decolonization in Nursing Homes to Prevent Infection and Hospitalization.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Chlorhexidine and Mupirocin for Clearance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization After Hospital Discharge: A Secondary Analysis of the Changing Lives by Eradicating Antibiotic Resistance Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Post-discharge decolonization of patients harboring methicillin-resistantInfection control and hospital epidemiology · 2023Trial
- Modelling methicillin-resistantJournal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2022Trial
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Bacterial Carriage and Invasive Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs: Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology in an Australian Prospective Cohort.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Universal decolonization for methicillin-resistantPublic health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Sustained chlorhexidine susceptibility in clinical MRSA isolates despite recent exposure.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Global burden and cross-country inequality of infectious skin diseases in children: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.International health · 2026Article
- Postoperative complications in patients with chemotherapy-induced acute myeloid leukemia (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Genome sequencing for prevention of health-care-associated bacterial infections.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Are high residual chlorhexidine skin concentrations associated with improved clinical outcomes? Lessons from the CLEAR trial.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2026Article
- Burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in China: a systematic analysis from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Reducing home infusion CLABSI through a dashboard and toolkit implementation.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2026Article
- Nasal Iodophor to ReduceOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
34 authors at 16 institutions in 2 countries.
Susan S HuangFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Raveena SinghFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
James A McKinnellFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Steven ParkFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Adrijana GombosevFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Samantha J EellsFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Daniel L GillenFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Diane KimFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Syma RashidFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Raul Macias-GilFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Michael A BolarisFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Thomas TjoaFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Chenghua CaoFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Suzie S HongFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Jennifer LequieuFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Eric CuiFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Justin ChangFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Jiayi HeFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Kaye EvansFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Ellena PetersonFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Gail SimpsonFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Philip RobinsonFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Chester ChoiFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Charles C BaileyFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
James D LeoFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Alpesh AminFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Donald GoldmannFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
John A JerniganFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Richard PlattFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Edward SeptimusFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Robert A WeinsteinFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Mary K HaydenFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Loren G MillerFrom the Division of Infectious Diseases (S.S. Huang, R.S., S.P., D.K., S.R., T.T., C. Cao, S.S. Hong, J.L., E.C., J.C., J.H.), the Health Policy Research Institute (S.S. Huang), and the Department of Medicine (A.A.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, and the Institute for Clinical and Translational Science (A.G.) and the Department of Statistics (D.L.G.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, the Infectious Disease Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (J.A.M., S.J.E., R.M.-G., M.A.B., L.G.M.), the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange (K.E., E.P.), Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura (G.S.), the Division of Infectious Disease, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach (P.R.), the Division of Infectious Disease, St. Mary Medical Center (C. Choi), and MemorialCare Health System (J.D.L.), Long Beach, and the Division of Infectious Disease, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo (C.C.B.) - all in California; the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge (D.G.), and the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston (R.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (J.A.J.); Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston (E.S.); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System (R.A.W.) and the Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center (R.A.W., M.K.H.), Chicago.
Project CLEAR Trial
Office of Infectious Diseases · USUniversity of California, Irvine · USCalifornia State University, Long Beach · USCook County Health and Hospitals System · USHarbor–UCLA Medical Center · USHarvard Pilgrim Health Care · USHoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian · USIloilo Mission Hospital · PHInstitute for Healthcare Improvement · USMemorialCare Health System · USRush University Medical Center · USSouthern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute · USSt. Mary Medical Center · USTexas A&M Health Science Center · USThe Lundquist Institute · USVentura County Medical Center · US
Funding
University of California Health Participation in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)UL1TR001414 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M, VILAIN, ERIC J. · 2015 to 2023
$35.1MInstitute for Clinical and Translational ScienceUL1TR000153 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M · 2012 to 2015
$12.1MProject CLEAR - Changing Lives by Eradicating Antibiotic ResistanceR01HS019388 · AHRQ · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI HUANG, SUSAN S. · 2010 to 2012
$9.7MAHRQ HHS R01 HS019388NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000153NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001414
Abstract
backgroundHospitalized patients who are colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are at high risk for infection after discharge.
methodsWe conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of postdischarge hygiene education, as compared with education plus decolonization, in patients colonized with MRSA (carriers). Decolonization involved chlorhexidine mouthwash, baths or showers with chlorhexidine, and nasal mupirocin for 5 days twice per month for 6 months. Participants were followed for 1 year. The primary outcome was MRSA infection as defined according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. Secondary outcomes included MRSA infection determined on the basis of clinical judgment, infection from any cause, and infection-related hospitalization. All analyses were performed with the use of proportional-hazards models in the per-protocol population (all participants who underwent randomization, met the inclusion criteria, and survived beyond the recruitment hospitalization) and as-treated population (participants stratified according to adherence).
resultsIn the per-protocol population, MRSA infection occurred in 98 of 1063 participants (9.2%) in the education group and in 67 of 1058 (6.3%) in the decolonization group; 84.8% of the MRSA infections led to hospitalization. Infection from any cause occurred in 23.7% of the participants in the education group and 19.6% of those in the decolonization group; 85.8% of the infections led to hospitalization. The hazard of MRSA infection was significantly lower in the decolonization group than in the education group (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 0.96; P=0.03; number needed to treat to prevent one infection, 30; 95% CI, 18 to 230); this lower hazard led to a lower risk of hospitalization due to MRSA infection (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.99). The decolonization group had lower likelihoods of clinically judged infection from any cause (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99) and infection-related hospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.93); treatment effects for secondary outcomes should be interpreted with caution owing to a lack of prespecified adjustment for multiple comparisons. In as-treated analyses, participants in the decolonization group who adhered fully to the regimen had 44% fewer MRSA infections than the education group (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.86) and had 40% fewer infections from any cause (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.78). Side effects (all mild) occurred in 4.2% of the participants.
conclusionsPostdischarge MRSA decolonization with chlorhexidine and mupirocin led to a 30% lower risk of MRSA infection than education alone. (Funded by the AHRQ Healthcare-Associated Infections Program and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01209234 .).
Indexed as
DisinfectionMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusAdministration, IntranasalAdultAgedAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective Agents, LocalCarrier StateChlorhexidineComorbidityDisease Transmission, InfectiousFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHospitalizationHumansHygieneAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective Agents, LocalChlorhexidineMupirocin
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT01209234ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.